*ka\vtauq´ o)rw=men e(lla/dos new\s ska)fos

*ta/rsw| krath/rei pi/tulon e)pterwme/non,

*nauq/as te penth/kont´ e)pi/ skalmw=n, pla/tas

*e)/xontas. Polybius in primo aliter locutus e&longs;t, ut uidebis: *ai( de\ vh=es tou= sto/matos e)c a)mfoi=n ci=n merei=n e)f` o(/son h)=n dunato\n e/ggista th=s tena/gesi prosa/gei=n e)pei=xon e(pt rwku/i pro\s th=n e)mbolein kai\ su/llhyin th=s e)kplei=n mellou/shs new/s. id e&longs;t: Naues autem qu&etail; in faucibus erant utrin&que;, quàm proximè ad paludes accedi poterat, expectabant remigio in&longs;tructæ, ad irruendum in nauem eam quæ exitura erat, atque ad eam capiendam parat&etail;. Latini aptas in&longs;tructaś que remigio uocant. Liuius decadis tertiæ libro primo: Cla&longs;&longs;is præterea data ad tuendam maritimam oram: quia qua parte belle uicerant, ea tum quo&que; rem ge&longs;turos Romanos credi poterat, quinquaginta quinqueremes, qua­driremes duæ, triremes quinque, &longs;ed aptæ in&longs;tru­ctæ&queacute; remigio triginta & duæ quinqueremes erant, & triremes quinque. trihrhmioli/as; uidemus factam mentionem ab Athenæo in quinto: & mediu&longs; &longs;idius &longs;æpe numero dubitaui, quod nam id e&longs;&longs;et nauigij genus. Nec idem e&longs;&longs;e queat cum ijs, quas Polybius h(mio/lous nau=s uocat, Appianus uerò h(mioli/as. etiam&longs;i idem Polybius libro XVI. trihrhmioli/as uocet, eas o­pinor, quæ non tot remis agerentur, quot iu&longs;t&etail; triremes. ait enim: *meta\ kai\ tou/twn e)nni/a trihrhmioli/ai kai\ trih/reis trei=s; u(ph=rxon. id e&longs;t: Cum his autem nouem triremio­liæ & triremes tres crant. Appianus certe in proœ­mio eas uidetur ponere infra magnitudinem iu&longs;ta-rum triremium, dum ait: *trih/reis de\ a)po\ h(mioli/as me/xri penth/reis pentako/siai kai\ xi/liai. id e&longs;t: Triremes autem ab hemiolia u&longs;que ad quinqueremem mille quingen­tæ: ut h(mio/liai e&longs;&longs;ent biremes quidem, &longs;ed quæ à puppi ad malum u&longs;que binis remis, à malo ad proram unico tantum agerentur: ut hodie quo que uidere e&longs;t in nonnullis earum, quas fu&longs;tas Veneti uocant. Tu Lector &longs;i quid no&longs;ti rectius i&longs;tis, candidus im­perti: mea enim e&longs;t coniectura. Tibi po&longs;&longs;um pro­ferre &longs;cripta autorum, qui huiu&longs;ce rei mentionem fecere: quibus legendis, poteris forta&longs;&longs;e meliora afferre, certius que iudicium lr ac de re facere. &longs;ed Appianum uideamus: *nausi/ d´ e)fe/ronto, penth/konta me\n pen­th/resi, e(kato\n de\ h(mioli/ai;. a)fra/ktois de\, kai\ kerkou/rois, kai\ stroggu/lois polloi=s. id e&longs;t: Ferebantur autem nauibus, quinqueremibus quidem quinquaginta, hemiolijs cen tum: apertis uerò, cercuris, & onerarijs complu­ribus. Diodorus Siculus libro decimo nono: *au)­to\s d´ a)nalabw\n nau=s h(mioli/as, nukous kate/plouse plhsi/on th=s po/lews. id e&longs;t: Ip&longs;e autem hemiolijs nauibus &longs;um­ptis, &longs;ecundum urbem de nocte delatus e&longs;t. Polybius in quinto: *katarti/sas dw/deka me\n katafra/ktous nau=s, o)ktw/de\ a)fra/ktous, tria/konta ld´ h(mio/lous e\plei di/ eu)ri/pou. id e&longs;t: Duo decim itaque con&longs;tratis nauibus in&longs;tructis, octo apertis, triginta autem hemiolis per Euripum na­uigabat. Quibus locis h(mio/lous & h(mioli/as, pro eo­dem ferè poni exi&longs;timo. Sed hoc loco &longs;ubijciam, quæ in fragmentis Polybij ex libro decimo &longs;exto &longs;criptum legimus. Cuius quidem nobis copiam fecit Victor Fau&longs;tus, dum Venetijs à Rege Chri&longs;tiani&longs;­&longs;imo legatus commorarer. Ea &longs;unt hæc, quibus de­&longs;cribit pugnam naualem ad Chium factam inter Philippum & Attalum, utin contextu uidebis: *o( de\ fi/lippos tw=n me\n kata\ th\n poliorki/an a)ntipipto/ntwn au)tw=|, tw=n de\ polemi/wn e)formou/ntwn plei/osi katafra/ktis nausi\ h)porei=to, kai\ dusxph/stws die/keito peri\ tou= me/llontos. ou)k e)pidexome/nwn de\ tw=n paro/ntwn ai(/resin, a)nh/xqh para\ th\n tw=n polemi/wn prosdoki/an. e)/ti ga\r au)to\n h)/lpizon oi( peri\ to\n *)/attalon proskarte-rh/sein th=| tw=n meta/llwn kataskeuh=|. ma/lista d' e)spou/daze poih//­sasqai to\n a)na/ploun ai)fni/dion, pepeisme/nos katataxh/sein kai\ to\ loipo\n a)sfalw=s h)/dh komisqh/sesqai para\ th\n gh=n ei)s th\n sa/l­mon. dieyeu/sqh de\ para\ polu\ toi=s logismoi=s. oi( ga\r peri\ to\n *)/atta­lon kai\ qeofili/skon, a(/ma tw=| sunidei=n au)to\n a)nago/menon, ei)/xon­to tw=n prokeime/nwn eu)qe/ws. sune/bh de\ to\n a)na/ploun au)tw=n gene/sqai dialelume/non, a(/te pepeisme/nwn to\n *fi/lippon, kaqa/per ei)=pon e)/ti me/nein e)pi\ tw=n u(pokeime/nwn. ou) mh\n a)lla\ xrhsa/menoi tai=sei)re­si/ais e)nergw=s prose/ballon. *)/attalos me\n tw=| deciw=| kai\ kaqhgou­me/nw| tw=n polemi/wn, *qeofili/skos de\ toi=s eu)wnu/mois. *fi/lippos de\ perikatalambano/ menos toi=s kairoi=s, dou\s to\ su/nqhma toi=s e)pi\ tou= deciou= kai\ paraggei/las a)ntiprw/rrous poiei=n ta\s nau=s kai\ sumple/kesqai toi=s polemi/ois e)rrwme/nws, au)to\s u(po\ ta\s nhsi/das a)na­xwrh/sas meta/ tinwn le/mbwn, ta\s metacu\ tou= po/rou keime/nas, a)­rado/kei to\n ki/ndunon. h)=n de\ tw=n me\n tou= *fili/ppou new=n to\ plh=­qos to\ sugkatasta\n ei)s to\n a)gw=na kata/fraktoi trei=s kai\ penth/­konta, su\n de\ tou/tois a)/frakta le/mboi de\ su\n tai=s pri/stesin e(kato\n kai\ penth/konta. ta\s ga\r e)n th=| *sa/mw| nau=s ou)k h)dunh/qh katarti/­sai pa/sas. ta\ de\ tw=n polemi/wn ska/fh kata/frakta me\n h)=n e(ch/konta kai\ pe/nte su\n toi=s tw=n buzanti/wn. meta\ de\ tou/twn e)nne/a trihmioli/ai kai\ trih/reis trei=s u(ph=rxon. labou/shs de\ th\n ka­tarxh\n th=s naumaxi/as e)k th=s a)tta/lou new/s, eu)qe/ws pa/ntes oi( su/neggus a)par- agge/ltws sune/balon a)llh/lois. a)/ttalos me\n ou)=n sumpesw\n o)kth/rei, kai\ proembalw\n tau/th| kairi/an kai\ u(/falon plh­gh/n, e)pi\ polu\ tw=n e)pi\ tou= katastrw/ matos a)gwnisame/nwn te/los e)­bu/qise th\n nau=n. h( de\ tou= fili/ppou dekh/rhs, nauarxi\s ou)=sa, paralo/gws e)ge/neto toi=s e)xqroi=s u(poxei/rios. u(popesou/shs ga\r au)th=| trihmioli/as, tau/th| dou=sa plhgh\n biai/an kata\ me/son to\ ku/tos u(po\ to\n qrani/thn skalmo\n e)de/qh, tou= kubernh/tou th\n o(rmh\n th=s new\s ou)ke/ti dunhqe/n tos a)nalabei=n. dio\ kai\ proskremame/nou tou= ploi/ou toi=s o(/lois e)dusxrhstei=to kai\ duski/nhtos h)=n pro\s pa=n. e)n w(=| kairw=| du/o penth/reis prospesou=sai, kai\ trw/sasai th\n nau=n e)c a)m­foi=n toi=n meroi=n, kai\ to\ ska/fos kai\ tou\s e)piba/tas tou\s e)n au)tw=| die/fqeiran, e)n oi(=s h)=n kai\ dhmokra/ths o( tou= fili/ppou nau/arxos. kata\ de\ to\n au)to\n kairo\n dionuso/dwros kai\ deinokra/ths, o)/ntes a)­delfoi\ kai\ nauarxou=ntes par' a)tta/lw|, sumpeso/ntes o( me\n e(pth/rei tw=n polemi/wn, o( d' o)kth/rei, parabo/lws e)xrh/santo th=| naumaxi/a|, deinokra/ths me\n pro\s o)kth/rh sumpesw\n au)to\s me\n e)/calon e)/l­abe th\n plhgh/n, a)nastei/rou th=s new\s ou)/shs, th\n de\ tw=n polemi/wn trw/ sas nau=n u(po ta\bi/axa to\ me\n prw=ton ou)k e)du/nato xwrisqh=nai, kai/per polla/kis e)pibalo/menos pru/mnan krou/ein: dio\ kai\ tw=n makedo/nwn eu)yu/xws a)gwnizome/nwn ei)s to\n e)/sxaton parege/neto ki/ndunon. a)tta/lou d' e)pibohqh/santos au)tw=|, kai\ dia\ th=s ei)s th\n polemi/an nau=n e)mbolh=s lu/santos th\n sumplokh\n tw=n skafw=n, o( me\n deino­kra/ths a)pelu/qh parado/cws, oi( de\ th=s polemi/as new\s e)piba/tai pa/ntes eu)yu/xws diagwnisa/ menoi diefqa/rhsan, to\ de\ ska/fos e)/­rhmon a)poleifqe\n u(poxei/rion e)ge/neto toi=s peri\ to\n a)/ttalon. o( de\ dionuso/dwros meta\ bi/as e)pifero/menos ei)s e)mbolh\n au)to\s me\n h(/marte tou= trw=sai, parapesw\n de\ toi=s polemi/ois a)pe/bale to\n decio\n tarso\n th=s new/s, o(mou= surrage/ntwn kai\ tw=n purgou/xwn, ou(= genome/nou perie/sthsan au)to\n pantaxo/qen oi( pole/mioi. kraugh=s de\ kai\ qoru/bou genome/nou to\ me\n loipo\n plh=qos tw=n e)pibatw=n a(/ma tw=| ska/fei diefqa/rh, tri/tos d' au)to\s o( dionuso/dwros a)penh/ca­to pro\s th\n e)pibohqou=san au)tw=| trihmioli/an. tw=n de\ loipw=n ne­w=n tou= plh/qous o( ki/ndunos e)fa/millos h)=n: kaq' o(/son ga\r e)pleo/­nazon oi( para\ tou= fili/ppou le/mboi, kata\ tosou=ton die/feron oi( peri\ to\n a)/ttalon tw=| tw=n katafra/ktwn new=n plh/qei. kai\ ta\ me\n peri\ to\ decio\n ke/ras tou= fili/ppou toiau/thn ei)=xe th\n dia/qesin, w(/st' a)kmh\n a)/krita me/- nein ta\ o(/la, polu\ de\ tou\s peri\ to\n a)/ttalon e)pi­ku- deste/ras e)/xein ta\s e)lpi/das. oi( de\ r(o/dioi kata\ me\n ta\s a)rxa\s eu)qe/ws e)k th=s a)nagwgh=s a)pespa/sqhsan tw=n polemi/wn, kaqa/per a)rti/ws ei)=pa, tw=| de\ taxunautei=n para\ polu\ diafe/rontes tw=n e)nan­ti/wn sunh=yan toi=s e)pi\ th=s ou)ragi/as makedo/si. kai\ to\ me\n prw=­ton u(poxwrou=si toi=s ska/fesi kata\ pru/mnan e)pifero/menoi tou\s tarsou\s pare/luon. w(s d' oi( me\n para\ tou= fili/ppou sunepistre/fein h)/rcanto para- bohqou=ntes toi=s kinduneu/ousi, tw=n de\ r(odi/wn oi( kaqusterou=ntes e)k th=s a)nagwgh=s sunh=yan toi=s peri\ to\n qeofili/­skon, to/te kata\ pro/swpon a)ntiprw/rrous. ta/cantes ta\s nau=s a)mfo/­teroi sune/balon eu)yu/xws, o(mou= tai=s sa/lpigci kai\ th=| kraugh=| parakalou=ntes a)llh/lous. ei) me\n ou)=n mh\ metacu\ tw=n katafra/ktwn new=n e)/tacan oi( *makedo/nes tou\s le/mbous, r(a|di/an a)\n kai\ su/ntomon e)/labe kri/sin h( naumaxi/a. nu=n de\ tau=t' e)mpo/dia pro\s th\n xrei/an toi=s r(odi/ois e)gi/neto kata\ pollou\s tro/pous. meta\ ga\r to\ kinhqh=nai th\n e)c a)rxh=s ta/cin e)k th=s prw/ths sumbolh=s pa/ntes h)=san a)nami\c a)llh/lois. o(/qen ou)/te diekplei=n eu)xerw=s ou)/te stre/fein e)du/nanto ta\s nau=s, ou)/te kaqo/lou xrh=sqai toi=s i)di/ois proterh/masin. e)mpipto/ntwn au)­toi=s tw=n le/mbwn pote\ me\n ei)s tou\s tarsou/s, w(/ste dusxrhstei=n tai=s ei)resi/ais, pote\ de\ pa/lin ei)s ta\s prw/rras, e)/sti d' o(/te kata\ pru/mnan.w(/ste parapodi/zesqai kai\ th\n tw=n kubernhtw=n kai\ th\n tw=n e)retw=n xrei/an. kata\ de\ ta\s a)ntiprw/rrous sumptw/seis e)poi/oun ti texniko/n. au)toi\ me\n ga\r e)/mprwrra ta\ ska/fh poiou=ntes e)ca/lous e)la/mbanon ta\s plhga/s, toi=s de\ polemi/ois u(/fala ta\ trau/mata dido/ntes a)boh­qh/tous e)skeu/azon ta\s plhga/s. spani/ws d' ei)s tou=to sugkate/bai­non. kaqo/lou ga\r e)ce/klinon ta\s sumploka\s dia\ to\ gennai/ws a)mu/­ne- sqai tou\s makedo/nas a)po\ tw=n katastrwma/twn e)n tai=s susta/dhn ginome/nais ma/xais. to\ de\ polu\ kata\ me\n tou\s die/kplous parasu/­rontes tw=n polemi/wn new=n tou\s tarsou\s h)xrei/oun. meta\ de\ tau=ta pa/lin e)kperiple/ontes, kai\ toi=s me\n kata\ pru/mnan e)mba/llontes, toi=s de\ plagi/ois kai\ strefome/nois a)kmh\n prospi/ptontes ou(\s me\n e)ti/trwskon, oi(=s de\ pare/luon a)ei/ ti tw=n pro\s th\n xrei/an a)nagkai/wn. kai\ dh\ tw=| toiou/tw| tro/pw| maxo/menoi pamplhqei=s tw=n pole­mi/wn nau=s die/fqeiran. )epifane/stata d' e)kindu/neusan trei=s pen­th/reis tw=n r(odi/wn, h(/ te nauarxi/s, e)f' h(=s e)/plei qeofili/skos. me­ta\ de\ tau/thn h(=s e)trihra/rxei filo/stratos. tri/th d' h(\n e)kube/rna me\n au)to/lukos, e)pe/plei de\ niko/stratos. tau/ths ga\r e)mbalou/shs ei)s polemi/an nau=n kai\ katalipou/shs e)n tw=| ska/fei to\n e)/mbo­lon, sune/bh dh\ th\n me\n plhgei=san au)/tandron katadu=nai, tou\s de\ pe­ri\ to\n au)to/lukon, ei)sreou/shs ei)s th\n nau=n th=s qala/tths dia\ th=s prw/rras, kuklwqe/ntas u(po\ tw=n polemi/wn ta\s me\n a)rxa\s a)gw­ni/zeqai gennai/ws. te/los de\ to\n me\n au)to/lukon e)kpesei=n trwqe/nta meta\ tw=n o(/plwn ei)s th\n qa/lattan, tou\s de\ loipou\s e)piba/tas a)po­qanei=n maxome/nous gennai/ws. e)n w(=| kairw=| qeofili/skos, bohqh/­sas meta\ triw=n penth/rwn, th\n me\n nau=n ou)k h)dunh/qh sw=sai dia\ to\ plh/rh qala/tths ei)=nai. du/o de\ nau=s polemi/as trw/sas tou\s e)pi­ba/tas e)ce/bale. taxu\ de\ perixuqe/ntwn au)tw=| le/mbwn pleio/nwn kai\ katafra/ktwn new=n, tou\s me\n plei/stous a)pe/bale tw=n e)pibatw=n e)pifanw=s a)gwnisame/nous. au)to\s de\ tri/a trau/mata labw\n kai\ pa-rabo/lws th=| to/lmh| kinduneu/sas mo/lis e)ce/swse th\n i)di/an nau=n. e)pibohqh/santos au)tw=| filostra/tou kai\ sunanadecame/nou to\n e)ne­stw=ta ki/ndunon eu)yu/xws. suna/yas de\ toi=s au(tou= ska/fesi pa/lin e)c a)/llhs o(rmh=s suneple/keto toi=s polemi/ois, th=| me\n swmati­kh=| duna/mei paraluo/menos u(po\ tw=n trauma/twn, th=| de\ th=s yu­xh=s gennaio/thti lampro/teros w)\n kai\ para- statikw/teros h)\ pro/­sqen. sune/bh de\ du/o gene/sqai naumaxi/as polu\ diestw/sas a)llh/­lwn. to\ me\n ga\r decio\n ke/ras tou= fili/ppou kata\ th\n e)c a)rxh=s pro/- qesin a)ei\ th=s gh=s o)rego/menon ou) makra\n a)pei=xe th=s a)si/as. to\ d' eu)w/numon dia\ to\ parabohqh=sai toi=s e)pi\ th=s ou)ragi/as e)c u(postrofh=s ou) polu\ th=s xi/as a)pe/xon e)nauma/xei toi=s r(odi/ois. ou) mh\n a)lla\ para\ polu\ tou= deciou= ke/ratos katakratou/ntwn tw=n peri\ to\n a)/ttalon, kai\ suneggizo/ntwn h)/dh pro\s ta\s nhsi/das u(f' ai(=s o( fi/lippos w(/rmei karadokw=n to\ sumbhso/menon, sunidw\n a)/ttalos mi/an penth/rh tw=n i)di/wn e)kto\s tou= kindu/nou tetrwme/nhn kai\ baptizome/nhn u(po\ new\s polemi/as, w(/rmhse parabohqh/swn tau/th| me­ta\ du/o tetrh/rwn. tou= de\ polemi/ou ska/fous e)gkli/nantos kai\ poiou­me/nou th\n a)poxw/rhsin w(s pro\s th\n gh=n, e)pe/keito filotimo/teron e)gkrath\s gene/sqai spouda/zwn th=s new/s. o( de\ fi/lippos, sunqeasa/­menos a)pespasme/non polu\ to\n a)/ttalon a)po\ tw=n i)di/wn, parala­bw\n te/t- taras penth/reis kai\ trei=s h(mioli/as, e)/ti de\ tw=n le/m- bwn tou\s e)ggu\s o)/ntas, w(/rmhse. kai\ diaklei/sas to\n a)/ttalon a)po\ tw=n oi)kei/­wn new=n h)na/gkase meta\ mega/lhs a)gwni/as ei)s th\n gh=n e)kbalei=n ta\ ska/fh. tou/tou de\ sumba/ntos au)to\s me\n o( basileu\s meta\ tw=n plhrwma/twn ei)s ta\s e)ruqra\s a)pexw/rhse. tw=n de\ ploi/wn kai\ th=s basilikh=s kataskeuh=s e)gkrath\s o( fi/lippos e)ge/neto. kai\ ga\r e)poi/hsa/n ti texniko\n e)n tou/tois toi=s kairoi=s oi( peri\ to\n a)/tta­lon. ta\ ga\r e)pifane/stata th=s basilikh=s kataskeuh=s e)pi\ to\ ka­ta/strwma th=s new\s e)ce/balon. o(/qen oi( prw=toi tw=n makedo/nwn suna/yantes e)n toi=s le/mbois, sunqea- sa/menoi pothri/wn plh=qos kai\ porfurw=n i(mati/wn kai\ tw=n tou/tois parepome/nwn skeuw=n, a)fe/menoi tou= diw/kein a)pe/neusan e)pi\ th\n tou/twn a(rpagh/n. dio\ sune/bh to\n a)/ttalon a)sfalh= poih/sasqai th\n a)po- xw/rhsin ei)s ta\s e)ruqra/s. fi/ lippos de\ toi=s me\n o(/lois h)lattwme/nos para\ polu\ th\n naumaxi/an, th=| de\ peripetei/a| th=| kata\ to\n a)/ttalon e)parqei/s, e)pane/plei, kai\ polu\s h)=n sunaqroi/zwn ta\s sfete/ras nau=s kai\ parakalw=n tou\s a)/ndras eu)qarsei=s ei)=nai, dio/ti nikw=si th=| naumaxi/a|: kai\ ga\r u(pe/­drame/ tis e)/nnoia kai\ piqano/ths toi=s a)nqrw/pois w(s a)polwlotos tou= a)tta/lou dia\ to\ kata/gein tou\s peri\ to\n fi/lippon a)nadedeme/­nous th\n basilikh\n nau=n. o( de\ dionuso/dwros u(ponoh/sas to\ para\ to\n au(tou= basile/a gegono/s, h(/qroize ta\s oi)kei/as nau=s e)cai/rwn su/n­qhma. taxu\ de\ sullexqeisw=n pro\s au)to\n a)pe/plei met' a)sfalei/as ei)s tou\s kata\ th\n a)si/an o(/rmous. kata\ de\ to\n au)to\n kairo\n oi( pro\s tou\s r(odi/ous a)gwnizo/menoi tw=n makedo/nwn, pa/lai kakw=s pa/sxon­tes, e)ce/luon au(tou\s e)k tou= kindu/nou meta\ profa/sews kata\ me/rh poiou/menoi th\n a)poxw/rhsin, w(s tai=s oi)kei/ais speu/dontes e)pikou­rh=sai nausi\n. oi( de\ r(o/dioi, ta\s me\n a)nadhsa/menoi tw=n new=n, ta\s de\ prodiafqei/rantes tai=s e)mbolai=s, a)pe/pleusan ei)s th\n xi/on. e)fqa/rhsan de\ tou= me\n fili/ppou nau=s e)n me\n th=| pro\s a)/ttalon nau­maxi/a| dekh/rhs, e)nnh/rhs, e(pth/rhs, e(ch/rhs. tw=n de\ loipw=n kata/­fraktoi me\n de/ka kai\ trihmioli/ai trei=s, le/mboi de\ pe/nte kai\ ei)/ko­si kai\ ta\ tou/twn plhrw/mata: e)n de\ th=| pro\s r(odi/ous diefqa/rhsan kata/fraktoi me\n de/ka, le/mboi de\ peri\ tettara/konta to\n a)riq­mo\n. h(/lwsan de\ du/o tetrh/reis kai\ le/mboi su\n toi=s plhrw/masin e(pta/. tw=n de\ par' a)/tta/lou kate/dusan me\n trihmioli/a mi/a kai\ du/o penth/reis, kai\ to\ tou= basile/ws ska/fos. tw=n de\ r(odi/wn diefqa/­rhsan me\n du/o penth/reis, kai\ trih/reis. h)/lw d´ ou)de/n. a)/ndres de\ tw=n me\n r(odi/wn a)pe/qanon ei)s e(ch/konta, tw=n de\ par' a)tta/loupro\s e(bdomh/konta. tw=n de\ tou= fili/ppou makedo/nes me\n ei)s trisxi­li/ous, tw=n de\ plhrwma/twn ei)s e(cakisxili/ous. e(a/lwsan de\ zw­gri/a| tw=n me\n summa/xwn kai\ makedo/nwn ei)s disxili/ous, tw=n d' ai)gupti/wn ei)s e(ptakosi/ous. kai\ to\ me\n te/los th=s peri\ xi/on nau­maxi/as, maxi/as toiou=ton sune/bh gene/sqai. th=s de\ ni/khs o( fi/lippos a)nte­poiei=to kata\ du/o profa/seis, kata\ mi/an me/n, h(=| to\n a)/ttalon ei)s th\n gh=n e)kbalw\n e)gkrath\s th=s new\s e)gego/nei, kaq' e(te/ran d', h(=| ka­qormisqei\s e)pi\ to\ kalou/menon a)/rgennon e)do/kei pepoih=sqai to\n o(/r­mon e)pi\ tw=n nauagi/w. a)ko/louqa de\ tou/tois e)/pratte kai\ kata\ th\n e(ch=s h(me/ran suna/gwn ta\ naua/gia, kai\ tw=n nekrw=n poiou/menosa)nai/resin tw=n e)piginwskome/nwn, xa/rin tou= sunau/cein th\n proeirh-me/nhn fantasi/an. o(/ti ga\r ou)d' au)to\s e)pe/peisto nika=n, e)ch/legcan au)to\n oi(/ te r(o/dioi kai\ dionuso/- dwros met' o)li/gon: kata\ ga\r th\n e)piou=san h(me/ran e)/ti peri\ tau=ta ginome/nou tou= basile/ws diapemya/menoi pro\s a)llh/lous e)pe/pleusan au)tw=|, kai\ sth/- santes e)n metw/pw| ta\s nau=s, ou)deno\s e)p' au)tou\s a)ntanagome/nou pa/lin a)pe/pleusan ei)s th\nxi/on. o( de\ fi/lippos, ou)de/pote tosou/tous a)/ndras a)polw- lekw\s ou)/-te kata\ qa/lattan e(ni\ kairw=|, bare/ws me\n e)/fere to\ gegono\s kai\ to\ polu\ th=s o(rmh=s au)tou= parh/|rhto. pro\s me/ntoi ge tou\s e)kto\s e)peira=­to kata\ pa/nta tro/pon e)pikru/ptesqai th\n au(tou= dia/lhyin, kai/­per ou)k e)w/ntwn au)tw=n tw=n pragma/twn. xwri\s ga\r tw=n a)/llwn kai\ ta\ meta\ th\n ma/xhn sumbai/nonta pa/ntas e)ce/plhtte tou\s qew- me/­nous. genome/nhs ga\r tosau/ths fqora=s a)nqrw/pwn. par' au)to\n me\n to\n kairo\n pa=s o( po/ros e)plhrw/qh nekrw=n, ai(/matos, o(/plwn, naua­gi/wn. tai=s d' e(ch=s h(me/rais tou\s ai)gialou\s h)=n i)dei=n fu/rdhn se­swreu- me/nous a)nami\c pa/ntwn tw=n proeirhme/nwn. e)c w(=n ou) mo/non au)to/s, a)lla\ kai\ pa/ntes oi( makedo/nes ei)s diatroph\n e)ne/pipton ou) th\n tuxou/san. qeofili/skos de\ mi/an h(me/ran e)pibiw/sas, kai\ th=| patri/­di gra/yas u(pe\r tw=n kata\ th\n naumaxi/an, kai\ klewnai=on h(ge-mo/na susth/sas a)nq' e(autou= tai=s du- na/mesi, meth/llace to\n bi/on e)k tw=n trauma/twn, a)nh\r kai\ kata\ to\n ki/ndunon a)gaqo\s geno/me­nos kai\ kata\ th\n proai/resin mnh/mhs a)/cios. mh\ ga\r e)kei/nou tol­h/santos proepibalei=n tw=| fili/ppw| ta\s xei=ras pa/ntes a)\n ka­taproei=nto tou\s kairou/s, dedio/tes th\n tou= fili/ppou to/lman. nu=n d´ e)kei=nos a)rxh\n pole/mou poih/sas h)na/gkase me\n th\n au(tou= patri/­da sunecana- sth=nai toi=s kairoi=s. h)na/gkase de\ to\n a)/ttalon mh\ me/llein kai\ paraskeua/zesqai ta\ pro\s to\n po/lemon. a)lla\ polemei=n e)rrw­me/nws kai\ kinduneu/ein. toigarou=n ei)ko/tws au)to\n oi( r(o/dioi kai\ me­talla/canta toiau/tais e)ti/mhsan timai=s. di' w(=n ou) mo/non tou\s zw=n­tas, a)lla\ kai\ tou\s e)pigenome/nous e)cekale/santo pro\s tou\s u(pe\r th=s patri/dos kairou/s. .id e&longs;t: Philippus autem cum in ob­&longs;idione multa &longs;ibi aduer&longs;ari uideret, ho&longs;tes etiam cum multis con&longs;tratis nauibus haud procul in &longs;ta­tione e&longs;&longs;ent, animi pendebat, nec &longs;atis pro&longs;picie­bat, quid &longs;ibi poti&longs;&longs;imum in po&longs;terum faciendum foret. Cumque præ&longs;entia utrum uellet eligendi facultatem adimerent, tandem naues &longs;oluit præ­ter ho&longs;tium expectationem. Attalus enim, & qui cum eo erant, &longs;perabant eum perlaturum ob&longs;idio nem, ob apparatum metallicorum. Curauit autem maxime &longs;ubita profectione uti, propterea quòd &longs;i bi per&longs;ua&longs;i&longs;&longs;et &longs;e locum occupaturum, & in po&longs;terum iam tuto peruehi &longs;ecundum littus ad Samum u&longs;&que; po&longs;­&longs;e. Opinio autem eum fefellit, quam præceperat. Attalus enim & Theophili&longs;cus, ubi con&longs;pexerunt eum &longs;olui&longs;&longs;e, &longs;tatim in rem præ&longs;entem incubuerunt. fuit autem eorum profectio nullo ordine di&longs;po&longs;i­ta: propterea quòd confiderent (ut diximus) Philippum adhuc permanere in propo&longs;ito: ueruntamen u&longs;i &longs;umma remigum alacritate, impetum fecerunt, Attalus ip&longs;e in dextram partem ho&longs;tium quæ ip&longs;a præibat: Theophili&longs;cus uero in &longs;ini&longs;tram. At Phi­lippus uidens &longs;e rei occa&longs;ione impeditum, & repen­te oppre&longs;&longs;um, dato pugnæ &longs;igno his qui dextra parte erant, pronuntiansque ut aduer&longs;as naues op­ponerent, & cum ho&longs;tibus acerrimè congrederen­tur, ip&longs;e cum leuibus nauigijs in paruas in&longs;ulas &longs;e recepit, quæ in medio cur&longs;u erant: ibí que naualis prælij euentum exspectabat. Erat autem numerus nauium earum, quæ cum Philippo erant, prælio aptarum, con&longs;tratarum ad tres & quinquaginta, & cum his minora apertá que nauigia: lembi ue­ro cum pi&longs;tribus centum quinquaginta. eas enim naues qu&etail; Sami erant, non potuit omnes in&longs;true­re. Ho&longs;tium autem naues erant, con&longs;tratæ quidem &longs;exagintaquinque cum Byzantinis, cum his præ­terea nouem trieremioliæ, triremeś que tres ad&longs;ti­terant: facto&queacute; pugnæ naualis initio ab Attali na­ue, continuo omnes quæ propius aderant, nulla egentes cohortatione inter &longs;e concurrerunt. Atta­lus quidem impetum faciens in octerem, inferenś que ei uulnus graue, quá que aquam reciperet: cum­que diutius hi qui in cata&longs;tromate erant, propugna rent, tandem nauem ip&longs;am depre&longs;&longs;it. At Philippi deceres, quæ princeps erat, in ho&longs;tium pote&longs;tatem redacta e&longs;t, id que ca&longs;u inopinato. Nam cum in ip&longs;am concurreret trieremiola, hanc ictu graui, ad medium uentrem, po&longs;t eam partem qua thranites &longs;calmus collocari &longs;olet, &longs;auciauit: ei&queacute; continebatur, gubernatore non amplius ualente retinere nauis impetum. Quare cum nauis ei adh&etail;re&longs;ceret, ualde impedita erat: nec &longs;atis regi flecti&queacute; poterat. Quo tempore du&etail; quinqueremes impetu &longs;facto, duabus ex partibus eam conuulnerarunt: nauem que ip­&longs;am cum propugnatoribus depre&longs;&longs;erunt: & in ijs Dinocratem, qui Philippi nauarchus erat. Per id etiam tempus Diony&longs;odorus & Dinocrates, qui fratres, & &longs;ub Attalo nauarchi erant, impetum fa­cientes: hic quidem in hepterem ho&longs;tium, alter ue ro in octerem ca&longs;u decertandi admirabili u&longs;i &longs;unt. Dinocrates quidem in octerem concur&longs;u facto, ip&longs;e uulnus accepit paulo &longs;upra aquam, cum na­uis ip&longs;a &longs;ine &longs;tira e&longs;&longs;et: conuulnerata autem ab &longs;e naue ho&longs;tium ad eam partem, qua mari demergi­tur, initio quidem non potuit ab ea &longs;e expedire, e­tiam &longs;i non &longs;emel conatus &longs;it inhibere. Quare cum Macedones forti&longs;&longs;imè &longs;e&longs;e defenderent, extremum ferè periculum adijt. Attalo autem illi ferente au­xilium, facto in ho&longs;tilem nauem impetu, &longs;oluen­té que naues, quæ inter &longs;e adhæ&longs;erant, Dinocrates quidem &longs;ic in&longs;peratò liberatus e&longs;t. Omnes autem ho&longs;tilis nauis propugnatores forti&longs;&longs;imè dimican tes conci&longs;i &longs;unt. Nauis autem ip&longs;a à propugnato­ribus nuda relicta, in Attali pote&longs;tatem redacta e&longs;t. At Diony&longs;odorus cum magna ui incitaretur ad confligendum, ip&longs;e quidem uulnus inferre non po-tuit. Præteruectus autem per medios ho&longs;tes, dextrum nauis &longs;uæ remigium ami&longs;it, &longs;imul confractis lignis quæ turres &longs;u&longs;tinere &longs;olent. Actis his rebus, circun &longs;teterunt eum undiquaque ho&longs;tes, clamore facto, excitató que tumultu. Reliqua quidem turba pro pugnatorum, &longs;imul cum naue perijt: ip&longs;e autem Diony&longs;odorus cum duobus comitibus, ad trire­mioliam, quæ in auxilium ueniebat, adnatauit. Periculum autem reliquarum nauium utrinque par erat. ut enim numero &longs;uperabant Philippi lem­bi, &longs;ic Attalus multitudine nauium con&longs;tratarum præ&longs;tabat. Et &longs;ic gerebantur ea, quæ ad dextrum Phi lippi cornu erant, ut neutram in partem inclinata e&longs;&longs;et uictoria: Attalus tamen niteretur meliore in po&longs;terum &longs;pe. Rhodij autem initio profectionis &longs;e&longs;e ab ho&longs;tibus &longs;egregarunt: & ut modo dicebam, celeritate nauium, cum multo pr&etail;&longs;tantiores e&longs;&longs;ent inimicis, conflixerunt cum Macedonibus, qui in extrema acie erant: primum&queacute; nauibus in fugam conuer&longs;is à tergo, & puppi impetu facto, remos ea­rum deter&longs;erunt. Vt autem qui cum Philippo erant, cœperunt illuc con&longs;i&longs;tere, auxilium ferentes peri­clitantibus: Rhodiorum uerò qui po&longs;tremi erant, conuenerunt cum Theophili&longs;co: tunc di&longs;po&longs;itis in aciem utrinque aduer&longs;is nauibus conflixerunt &longs;um­ma alacritate, &longs;e&longs;e inuicem clamore tubis&queacute; cohor­tantes. Quòd &longs;i Macedones inter con&longs;tratas naues lembos minime colloca&longs;&longs;ent, naualis prælij certa­men celerem facilemque exitum habui&longs;&longs;et. Sed ij lembi omnem u&longs;um Rhodijs nauibus ademerunt, id'que multis modis. ubi enim primum utrorun­que conflictu ordines commoti &longs;unt, omnes inter &longs;e commixti erant: unde neque facile enauigare, neque naues flectere poterant, neque omnino uti ijs rebus quibus &longs;uperiores erant: incidentibus in eas lembis, aliàs quidem ad remigium, ut non fa­cile iuuari po&longs;&longs;ent opera remigum: aliàs autem in proras, interdum etiam ad puppim, ut gubernato rum remigumque mini&longs;terium impediretur. In oppo&longs;itis uero conflictibus non nihil ex arte commenti &longs;unt. ip&longs;i enim inclinatis nauibus in proram extra aquam uulnera accipiebant: ho&longs;tium uero naues intra aquam perforabant, quibus nulla arte mederi quis po&longs;&longs;et. rarò autem id eueniebat: magnam enim partem concur&longs;um uitabant, propterea quòd Macedones fortiter propugnarent è cata&longs;tromate in prælijs, quæ cominus fierent: &longs;æpius tamen præ­ternauigando detergentes ho&longs;tium remos, inha­biles reddebant, moxque circuncurrentes, in eos&queacute; qui ad puppim erant impetu facto, obliquis autem & flectentibus irruentes, alios quidem conuulne­rabant, alijs autem armamenta auferebant: & iam tali ratione decertantes, magnum numerum ho­&longs;tilium nauium depre&longs;&longs;erant. Celeberrime autem in periculo uer&longs;atæ &longs;unt tres quinqueremes Rho­diorum: prætoria ip&longs;a, qua uehebatur Theophili­&longs;cus: po&longs;t hanc autem ea, cui præerat Philo&longs;tratus: tertia uerò, quam regebat Autolycus: ea autem uehebatur Nico&longs;tratus. hac enim impetum faciente in ho&longs;tilem nauem, relicto que in naue ho&longs;tium &longs;uæ nauis ro&longs;tro, euenit ut nauis percu&longs;&longs;a cum ip­&longs;is hominibus deprimeretur: eos autem qui cum Autolyco erant, cum per proram aqua &longs;ubintra­ret, circumuentos ab ho&longs;tibus initio quidem gene ro&longs;e decertare: tandem uerò ip&longs;um Autolycum &longs;au­cium cum armis decidere in mare, reliquos autem propugnatores animo&longs;e pugnando occumbere. quo quidem tempore Theophili&longs;cus auxilio adueniens cum tribus quinqueremibus, nauem ip&longs;am &longs;erua re non potuit, eo quod aqua iam oppleta e&longs;&longs;et. Com uulneratis autem duabus ho&longs;tium nauibus, qua­rum propugnatores præcipites dedit: &longs;tatim circun­fu&longs;is in eum lembis pluribus, con&longs;tratiś que naui­bus magnam partem propugnatorum ami&longs;it egre­giè decertantium. Ip&longs;e uerò acceptis tribus uulne­ribus, quòd audacius in periculum rueret, uix pro­priam nauem &longs;eruare potuit, ferente illi auxilium Philo&longs;trato, &longs;u&longs;cipienté que in &longs;e præ&longs;ens periculum &longs;umma animi alacritate. Vbi uerò &longs;e cum &longs;uis na­uibus coniunxit, iterum recenti impetu cum ho­&longs;tibus conflixit. uiribus quidem corporis defectus, propter uulnera: animi autem robore clarior con&longs;tantioŕ que, quàm antea ui&longs;us e&longs;t. Contigit autem duo fui&longs;&longs;e naualia prælia multum inter &longs;e di&longs;tan­tia. Siquidem dextrum Philippi cornu ut initio de­creuerat, &longs;emper littus appetens legens&queacute;, nu&longs;quam di&longs;ce&longs;&longs;it longe ab A&longs;ia: &longs;ini&longs;trum uerò, quod auxilium tuli&longs;&longs;et his, qui in extrema acie erant, decertabat cum Rhodijs, cum non multum abe&longs;&longs;et à Chio. Veruntamen cum Attalus ip&longs;e cum &longs;uis, dextrum Philippi cornu &longs;upera&longs;&longs;e præclare uideretur: ip&longs;é­que Attalus iam appropinquaret in&longs;ulis, ad quas Philippus &longs;tationem obtinebat, expectans rei euen­tum, con&longs;picatus Attalus quinqueremem &longs;uorum unam extra periculum uulneratum demergi ab ho &longs;tili naue, fe&longs;tinauit auxilium laturus illuc profici­&longs;ci cum duabus quadriremibus. Ho&longs;tili autem na­ue declinante, &longs;é que tanquam ad terram recipien te, promptius in&longs;tabat, cupiens nauem in &longs;uam po­te&longs;tatem redigere. Quod ubi Philippus con&longs;pexit, audaciuś que pergere longe à &longs;uis Attalum uidit, &longs;umptis &longs;ecum quatuor quinqueremib9, tribus&queacute; hemiolijs, lembiś que præterea qui propius erant, properauit, &longs;perans, quod euenit, intercipi po&longs;&longs;e: eum&queacute; compulit cum magna animi anxietate ad proximum littus naues eijcere: ibi&queacute; naui relicta, Rex ip&longs;e cum &longs;ocijs naualibus, pedibus Erythras profugit. Philippus autem nauigiorum compos fa­ctus e&longs;t, &longs;upellectilis&queacute; regiæ. Siquidem ij, qui cum Attalo erant in tali periculo, quiddam ex arte mi­litari commenti &longs;unt. lauti&longs;&longs;ima enim quæque ex &longs;upellectile regia in cata&longs;tromate & foris nauis ex po&longs;uerunt: unde primi Macedonum, ubi ad lem­bos appulerunt, con&longs;pecta in lembis poculorum multitudine, ue&longs;té que purpurea, in&longs;trumentis&queacute; quæ eius cau&longs;a parari &longs;olent, mi&longs;&longs;o per&longs;equendi &longs;tudio in horum prædam conuer&longs;i &longs;unt. quare fa­ctum e&longs;t, ut Attalus in Erythrarum portum &longs;ine ullo impedimento &longs;e&longs;e reciperet. At Philippus, cum in uniuer&longs;um toto nauali prælio inferior fui&longs;&longs;et, tamen elatus ca&longs;u Attali, regre&longs;&longs;us e&longs;t: magnó que &longs;tudio &longs;uis conqui&longs;itis, nauibus&queacute; in unum collectis, cohortabatur &longs;uos ut bono animo e&longs;&longs;ent, quando quidem uici&longs;&longs;ent nauali proelio etenim &longs;ubierat cogitatio, & ea opinio homines inua&longs;erat, tanquam Attalus ip&longs;e in fuga occubui&longs;&longs;et: propterea quod reuerteretur Philippus cum &longs;uis, capta religata&queacute; regia naue. At Diony&longs;odorus coniectans id, quod regi &longs;uo acciderat, &longs;ublato &longs;igno &longs;uas naues conuo­cauit: quibus &longs;tatim ad &longs;e collectis, tuto &longs;e recepit in portus A&longs;iaticos. Sub idem tempus Macedones qui aduer&longs;us Rhodios decertabant, iam diu malè mulctati, &longs;e à periculo liberarunt: &longs;ingulæ enim naues &longs;e&longs;e recipiebant per cau&longs;am &longs;ubueniendi &longs;uis laborantibus. Rhodij uerò cum nauium partem religa&longs;&longs;ent, partem autem ro&longs;tris perfora&longs;&longs;ent, &longs;e in Chiorum portum receperunt. Interiere autem Philippi quidem in prælio nauali, quod cum Atta lo ge&longs;tum e&longs;t, deceres, enneres, hepteres, hexeres: reliquarum autem con&longs;tratae decem, tres&queacute; triremio­liæ: lembi uerò uiginti quin&queacute; cum &longs;ocijs naualib. in prælio autem aduer&longs;us Rhodios ge&longs;to depre&longs;&longs;o &longs;unt con&longs;tratæ decem, lembi ad quadragińta. Ca­ptæ &longs;unt autem duæ quadriremes, &longs;eptem&queacute; lembi cum &longs;ocijs naualibus. Earum uerò quæ cum Atta-lo erant, depre&longs;&longs;erunt unam triremioliam, duas&queacute; quinqueremes, & regium nauigium. Rhodiorum autem interiere duæ quinqueremes & triremes: nihil uerò captum fuit. homines autem occubuere Rhodiorum quidem ad &longs;exaginta: at eorum qui &longs;ub Attalo, circiter &longs;eptuaginta: qui &longs;ub Philippo autem, Macedo­num ad tria millia: &longs;ociorum præterea naualium ad &longs;ex millia: uiui capti &longs;unt, Macedonum & &longs;ocio­rum ad duo millia: Aegyptiorum autem, ad &longs;eptingentos. Talis quidem exitus naualis prælij ad Chium fuit. Philippus autem uictoriam &longs;ibi uendicabat, duabus poti&longs;&longs;imum de cau&longs;is. prima, quòd Attalum in terram eijcere coegi&longs;&longs;et, & nauis regia in &longs;uam ueni&longs;&longs;et pote&longs;tatem. altera, quòd &longs;tationem in lo­co, qui Argennon uocatur, habuerit inter ho&longs;tium naufragia. Po&longs;tridie quoque &longs;e ge&longs;&longs;erit ut uictor collectis reliquijs naufragij, &longs;ublatiś que & rece­ptis cadaueribus eorum qui agno&longs;ci poterant, ut eam opinionem maxime confirmaret. Rhodij nan que & Diony&longs;odorus haud ita multo po&longs;t ab eo­dem expre&longs;&longs;erunt, ut nec ip&longs;e quidem &longs;e uictorem exi&longs;timaret. Po&longs;tridie enim, rege adhuc circa hæc occupato, certiores inuicem facti, uela duxerunt in ip&longs;um: collocatis&queacute; in fronte nauibus, nemine contra eos prodire au&longs;o, retro abiere ad Chium. At Phi lippus, qui nunquam antea eodem tempore ne in mari quidem, tot taleś que uiros ami&longs;i&longs;&longs;et, ca&longs;um quidem grauiter ferebat, animumque iam prope modum de&longs;ponderat: ad exteros tamen occultare &longs;en&longs;a mentis omni &longs;tudio conabatur, etiam&longs;i res ip&longs;æ non &longs;atis id ferre patí que uiderentur. Nam præter alia multa, ea ip&longs;a quæ in prælio acciderant, omnes qui aderant, in timorem coniecerant. Fa­cta enim tanta hominum &longs;trage, eo ip&longs;o tempore, totus locus, in quo dimicatum e&longs;t, oppletus e&longs;t ca­daueribus, &longs;anguine, armis, naufragijs, et armamentis. Diebus autem, qui proxime &longs;ecuti &longs;unt, uidere erat littora referta omnibus ijs rebus, quas retuli­mus, confu&longs;è aceruatim que conge&longs;tis. Ob quæ factum e&longs;t, ut non &longs;olum ip&longs;e, &longs;ed & omnes Macedones in grauem animi defectionem inciderint. Theophili&longs;cus autem, cum unum diem &longs;uperuixi&longs;&longs;et, pa­triæ que &longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;et de ca&longs;u naualis prælij, &longs;uffecto Clæonæo in &longs;ui locum, & exercitui præfecto, uitam cum morte commutauit, ob uulnera quæ accepe­rat: uir, qui in ip&longs;o periculo &longs;e egregium præ&longs;titit, & con&longs;ilij prouidentia dignus fuit, cuius memoria celebretur. ni&longs;i enim ille anteuerti&longs;&longs;et impetum fa­cere in Philippum, omnes quidem alij occa&longs;ionem rei bene gerendo omi&longs;i&longs;&longs;ent, perterriti Philippi audacia. Sed ille, facto prælij initio, ciues coegit tem­poris occa&longs;ionem &longs;equi. Coegit & Attalum bellum non ducere, tempuś que minime terere in appara tu rerum ad bellum pertinentium: &longs;ed acerrime de­certare, periculumque præ&longs;ens &longs;ubire. Quocirca merito ip&longs;um Rhodij fato functum, talibus hono­ribus pro&longs;equuti &longs;unt, quibus non &longs;olum uiuos & præ&longs;entes, &longs;ed etiam po&longs;teros prouocarent ad fortiter &longs;ubeunda pro patria pericula. Hactenus Po­lybius: cuius uerbis facile quis uideat genera ferè omnia nauium, quæ ad belli u&longs;um comparabantur. quibus etiam &longs;olebant imponere turres ad libram, quæ ob id dictæ Turritæ à Vergilio: id&queacute; non &longs;o­lum ad proram, &longs;ed etiam ad puppim. Appianus de bellis ciuilibus: *kai\ pu/rgous e)pi\ tw=n new=n ei)=xon kata/ te prw/ran, kai\ kata\ pru/mnan. id e&longs;t: Et turres in nauibus habebant, & ad proram, & ad puppim. Plinius libro trige&longs;imo &longs;ecundo, ubi de echeneide: Sed armatæ cla&longs;&longs;es imponunt &longs;ibi turrium propugnacula, ut in mari quoque pugnetur uelut è muris. Cæ&longs;ar li­bro tertio de bello ciuili: At&que; alteram nauem quæ erat ad cu&longs;todiam ab Acilio po&longs;ita, pluribus ag­gre&longs;&longs;us nauibus, in quibus ad libram fecerat tur­res. Vergilius in octauo: Vnà omnes ruere, ac totum &longs;pumare reductis Conuul&longs;um remis, ro&longs;tris&queacute; &longs;tridentibus æquor, Alta petunt pelago: credas innare reuul&longs;as Cycladas, aut montes concurrere montibus altos: Tanta mole uiri turritis puppibus in&longs;tant. Turres autem habui&longs;&longs;e Antonianos in pugna illa nauali, qu&etail; ad Actium facta e&longs;t cum Cae&longs;arianis, li­quet ex Dione: cuius uerba quoniam nondum o­mnibus edita &longs;unt, ip&longs;e ad&longs;cribam. fu&longs;ius enim quàm quiuis alius eorum, qui extant autorum, ea de re &longs;crip&longs;i&longs;&longs;e uidetur: ut ip&longs;e Vergilius nihil poëtarum more, aut u(perbolikw=s de illa pugna finxi&longs;&longs;e uideatur. eius autem uerba &longs;unt hæc: *a)gxwma/lon ou)=ne)pi\ polu\ th=s naumaxi/as ou)/shs kai\ mhdete/rwn u(pere/xein ph| du­name/nwn te/los toio/nde ti e)ge/neto. h( kleopa/tra kato/pin tw=n ma­xome/nwn a)posaleu/ousa ou)k h)/negke th\n pollh\n kai\ a)/kriton tou= a)dh/lou me/llhsin, a)ll' a)poknaisqei=sa, a)po/ te tou= gunaikei/ou kai\ a)po\ te tou= ai)gupti/ou, th=| te e)pi\ polu\ metew/rw| a)gw- ni/a| kai\ th=| a)ei\ e)f' e(ka/tera perideei= prosdoki/a| au)th/ te e)s fugh\n e)capinai/ws w(/rmh-se kai\ toi=s a)/llois toi=s u(phko/ois shmei=on h)=re. kai\ ou(/tw ta/ te i(sti/a au)tw=n eu)qu\s a)rame/nwn kai\ e)s to\ pe/lagos a)fe/ntwn, a)ne/mou tino\s kata\ tu/xhn forou= sumba/ntos, nomi/sas o( a)ntw/nios ou)x u(po\ th=s kleopa/tras au)tou\s e)k paragge/lsews a)ll' u(po\ de/ous w(s kai\ nenikhme/nous feu/gein e)fe/speto/ sfisi. genome/nou de\ tou/tou kai\ oi( loipoi\ stratiw=tai kai\ h)qu/mhsan kai\ e)tara/xqh- san, kai\ prosapo­dra=nai kai\ au)toi\ tro/pon tina\ e)qelh/santes oi( me\n ta\ i(sti/a h)/geiron, oi( de\ tou/s te pu/rgous kai\ ta\ e)/pipla e)s th\n qa/lassan e)rri/ptoun, o(/pws koufi/santes diafu/gwsi. kai\ au)toi=s peri\ tau=ta e)/xousin, oi( e)nanti/oi prospeso/ntes (tou\s ga\r feu/gontas, kai\ a)/neu i(sti/wn o)/n­tes kai\ pro\s th\n naumaxi/an mo/nhn pare- skeuasme/noi, ou)k e)pedi/wt­can) polloi\ te e(ka/sth| nhi\ kai\ e(/kaqen kai\ e)n xrw=| e)maxe/santo. w(/ste kai\ poikilw/taton kai\ o)cu/taton a)p' a)mfote/rwn o(moi/ws to\n a)gw=na gene/sqai. oi( me\n ga\r ta/ te ka/tw tw=n new=n pa/nta pe/ric e)kakou/rgoun, kai\ ta\s kw/pas sune/qrauon ta/ te phda/lia a)ph/ratton. kai\ e)pa­nabai/nontes e)pi\ ta\ katastrw/mata tou\s me\n kate/spwn a)ntilamba­no/menoi tou\s de\ e)w/qoun, toi=s de\ e)ma/xonto a(/te kai\ i)soplhqei=s au)­toi=s h)/dh o)/ntes. oi( de\ toi=s te kontoi=s sfa=s diewqou=nto kai\ tai=s a)ci/­nais e)/kopton, pe/trous te kai\ a)/llous tina\s o)/gkous e)p' au)to\ tou=to pa­reskeuasme/nous e)pikate/- ballon, kai\ tou/s te a)nabai/nontas a)pekrou/onto kai\ toi=s e)s xei=ras i)ou=si sunefe/ronto. ei)/kasen a)/n tis i)dw\n ta\ gigno/mena, w(s mikra\ mega/lois o(moiw=sai, tei/xesi/ tisin h)\ kai\ nh/­sois pollai=s kai\ puknai=s e)k qala/sshs poliorkoume/nais. ou(/tw oi(me\n e)pibh=nai/ te tw=n ska- fw=n w(/sper e)p' h)pei/rou kai\ e)ru/mato/s tinos e)peirw=nto. kai\ pa/nta ta\ e)s tou=to fe/ronta spoudh=| prosh=gon. oi( de\ a)pewqou=nto au)tou/s, o(/ ti pote\ e)n tw=| toiou/tw| filei= dra=sqai mh­xanw/menoi. a)ntipa/lws ou)=n au)tw=n maxome/nwn o( kai=sar a)porh/sas o(/ ti pra/ch|, pu=r e)k tou= stratope/dou metepe/myato. pro/teron me\n ga\r ou)k h)qe/lhsen au)tw=|, o(/pws ta\ xrh/mata peripoih/shtai, xrh/sa­sqai, to\te de\ i)dw\n o(/ti a)du/nato/n oi( ei)/h a)/llws pws krath=sai, e)p'e)kei=no w(s kai\ mo/non sfi/sin e)pikourh=son kate/fuge. ka)ntau=qa a)/llo au)= ei)=dos ma/xhs sunhne/xqh. oi( me\n ga\r pollaxh=| a(/ma pro­ple/onte/s tisi, be/lh te purfo/ra e)p' au)tou\s e)ceto/ceuon kai\ lampa/­das e)k xeiro\s e)phko/ntizon kai/ tinas kai\ xutri/das a)nqra/kwn, kai\ pi/tths plh/reis po/rrwqen mhxanai=s e)perri/ptoun. oi( de\ tau=ta/ te w(s e(/kasta diekrou/onto. kai\ e)peidh/ tina au)tw=n diekpi/ptonta tw=n cu/lwn h(/pteto kai\ flo/ga au)ti/ka pollh/n, a(/te e)n nhi/, h)/geire, to\ me\n prw=- ton tw=| poti/mw| u(/dati w(=| e)pefe/ronto e)xrw=nto, kai/ tina kate/s­besan. e)pei\ de\ e)kei=no katanalw/qh, h)/ntloun to\ qala/ttion. kai\ oi( me\n pollw=| te kai\ a)qro/w| au)tw=| e)xrw=nto, e)pei=xo/n pws th=| bi/a| to\ pu=r. a)du/­natoi de\ dh\ pantaxh=| tou=to poiei=n o)/ntesn (ou)/te ga\r polla\ h)\ kai\ mega/la ta\ a)ntlhth/ria ei)=xon, kai\ h(midea= au)ta\) a(/te taratto/menoi a)ne/feron. ou)x o(/son ou)k w)felou=nto/ ti, a)lla\ kai\ prosparw/cunon au)to/: h( ga\r a(/lmh h( qalatti/a a)\n kat' o)li/gon e)pixe/htai flogi/, i)sxurw=s au)th\n e/kkai/ei. w(s ou)=n kai\ e)n tou/tw| h(/ttous e)gi/gnonto, ta/ te i(ma/tia au(tw=n ta\ paxe/a kai\ tou\s nekrou\s e)pe/ballon, kai\ xro/non me/n tina e)kolou/­sqh te u(p' au)tw=n to\ pu=r kai\ e)/doce/ ph| lwfa=n. e)/peita de\ a)/llws te kai\ tou= a)ne/mou sfodrw=s e)pispe/rcantos e)pi\ plei=on e)ce/lamyen, a(/te kai\ u(p' au)tw=n e)kei/nwn au)cano/menon. kai\ me/xri me\n me/ros ti new\s e)kai/eto, prosi/stanto/ te/ tines au)tw=| kai\ e)s au)to\ e)seph/dwn. kai\ ta\ me\n a)pe/kopton ta\ de\ diefo/roun. kai\ au)ta\ oi( me\n e)s th\n qa/las­san oi( de\ kai\ e)pi\ tou\s e)nanti/ous e)rri/p- toun, ei)/ pws kai\ e)kei/nous ti lumh/nainto. kai\ e(/teroi pro\s to\ a)ei\ u(gie\s au)th=s meqista/menoi tai=s tekai\ xersi\ tai=s sidhrai=s kai\ toi=s do/rasi toi=s makroi=s to/te dh\ kai\ ta\ ma/lista e)xrw=nto. o(/pws tina\ a)nti/palon nau=n prosarth/sante/s sfi­si ma/lista me\n metekbw=sin e)s au)th/n. ei) de\ mh/, kai\ e)kei/nhn sugkatae­fle/cwsin. w(s d' ou)/te tine\s e)pe/lazo/n sfisin, au)to\ tou=to fulasso/­enoi, kai\ to\ pu=r tou/s te toi/xous pe/ric e)pene/meto kai\ e)s to\ e)/da­fos kath/|ei, e)ntau=qa ta\ deino/tata au)toi=s e)pege/neto. oi( me\n ga\r u(po\ tou= kapnou=, kai\ ma/lista oi( nau=tai, pri\n kai\ plhsia/sai sfi/si th\n flo/ga, e)fqei/ronto. oi( de\ kai\ e)n au)th=| me/sh| w(/sper e)n kami/nois w)ptw=nto. a)/lloi pri/n ti toiou=to paqei=n, h)\ kai\ h(mi/kautoi, oi( me\n a)­porriptou=ntes ta\ o(/pla e)titrw/skonto u(po\ tw=n po/rrwqen ballo/n­twn. oi( de\ e)s th\n qa/lassan e)kphdw=ntes a)pepni/gonto. h)\ kai\ paio/­menoi u(po\ tw=n e)nanti/wn e)bapti/zonto. h)\ kai\ u(po\ qhri/wn e)spara/t­tonto. mo/noi te a)nektw=s, w(s e)n toiou/tois paqh/masin, a)ph/llacan o(/soi pri/n tini au)tw=n sunenexqh=nai, oi( me\n a)llh/lous oi( de\ kai\ au(tou\s a)pe/kteinan. ou)/te ga\r kolasth/rio/n ti u(pe/meinan. kai\ nekroi\, w(/sper e)n pura=| tai=s nausi\ sugkatekau/qhsan. o(rw=ntes de\ tau=ta oi( kaisa/­reioi pro/teron me/n, w(s e)/ti a)mu/nesqai/ tines au)tw=n e)du/nanto, ou)prose/misgo/n sfisin. e)pei\ de\ ta\ ska/fh to\ pu=r swnh/rei, kai\ oi( a)/n­qrwpoi ou)de\ e(an toi=s bohqh=sai, e)/ti mh\ o(/ti pole/mio/n tina luph=sai/ ti e)du/nanto. oudh=| ti prose/pleon au)toi\, ei)/pws ta\ xrh/mata pe/ri poih/sainto, kai\ katasbennu=nai to\ pu=r, o(/ au)toi\ pareske/nazon, e)­peirw=nto. kai\ tou/tou suxnoi\, kai\ e)kei/nwn kai\ u(po\ th=s flogo\s, kai\ u(po\ tw=n a(rma/twn au)/tai=s tele/ws nausi\ sunapw/lonto. id e&longs;t: Cum igitur diutius nauali certamine, pari marte decertarent, neutrí que &longs;uperiores adhuc e&longs;&longs;e po&longs;­&longs;ent, huiu&longs;modi proelij exitus &longs;ub&longs;ecutus e&longs;t. Cleo­patra, quæ à tergo pugnantium procul in &longs;alo erat, longiorem non tulit & incertum rerum euentum. Sed cum muliebri natura u&longs;a, cum etiam ingenio Aegyptiaco prædita, permota&queacute; diuturna &longs;u&longs;pen&longs;i animi anxietate, perpetua etiam in alterutram partem formidolo&longs;a expectatione, ip&longs;a &longs;e&longs;e ex improui&longs;o in fugam coniecit, cæteris qui &longs;ub &longs;e erant &longs;igno fugæ &longs;ublato. Itaque ip&longs;i uela &longs;tatim in altum dederunt, ca&longs;u oborto eo tempore &longs;æuo uento. Ratus autem Antonius eos rimore perterritos, eo quod uicti e&longs;&longs;ent fugere, minime uerò id Cleopatram pro nuntia&longs;&longs;e, eos &longs;ub&longs;equebatur. Quo facto & reliqui milites &longs;umma cum trepidatione animos de&longs;pon­derunt: & alioqui cupientes illinc, &longs;i qua po&longs;&longs;ent, ef­fugere, eorum partim uela pandere, partim turres ip&longs;as cum armamentis in mare proijcere cœperunt, quò leuatis nauibus facilè effugere liceret: in quos ad hæc intentos aduer&longs;arij impetu facto (ne&que; enim fugientes per&longs;ecuti &longs;unt, propterea quòd ip&longs;i &longs;ine uelis e&longs;&longs;ent, ut pote tantum in&longs;tructi ad naualem pu­gnam quæ &longs;tataria e&longs;&longs;et) multi&queacute; &longs;ingulis nauibus &longs;e obijciebant eminus cominus&queacute; decertantes, ut anceps dubium&queacute; utri&longs;&que; ex æquo certamen fuerit. i&longs;ti enim inferiorem nauium partem conuulnera­bant, remos&queacute; defringebant, gubernacula quoque ip&longs;a lacerabant: con&longs;cendentes&queacute; foros, alios quidem ho&longs;tium ab&longs;trahebant, alios deturbabant, cum alijs & manus con&longs;erebant, iam pares numero cum il­lis facti, Illi uerò contis eos præcipites eijciebant, &longs;e­curibus&queacute; concidebant: petras quo&que;, & alia qu&etail;dam grauiora pondera in hunc u&longs;um parata, è &longs;uperio re loco deijciebant, &longs;ùbeuntes&queacute; deturbabant, ma­nuś que con&longs;erebant cum ijs, qui iam ad &longs;ummum nauis eua&longs;erant. Qui rebus talibus gerendis inter­fui&longs;&longs;et, haud ab&longs;imilia e&longs;&longs;e duxi&longs;&longs;et ea (ut parua magnis componamus) muris quibu&longs;dam, aut etiam in&longs;ulis multis & frequentibus, qui in mari oppug­narentur, u&longs;que adeò i&longs;ti quidem naues tran&longs;cende­re conabantur, ceu arcem quandam quæ in conti nenti e&longs;&longs;et: omniá que quæ ad oppugnandos mu­ros facere uidentur, admouebant. Illi autem qua­cunque poterant ratione, & ut in talibus fieri &longs;olet, eos propellebant. Cum ita&que; diutius pari marte di micarent, Cæ&longs;ar dubius quid &longs;ibi agendum foret, iu&longs;&longs;it è ca&longs;tris &longs;ibi ignem comportari. Neque enim antea eo uti uoluerat, &longs;ibi &longs;uis&queacute; prædam &longs;eruare cu­piens. Tunc autem pro&longs;piciens aliter uictoriam &longs;e con&longs;equi non po&longs;&longs;e, ad illud tanquam extremum auxilium de&longs;cendit. Ibi uerò genus aliud pugnæ ui­dere erat. I&longs;ti enim &longs;imul undecunque adnauigan tes, in aduer&longs;arios tela ignita conijciebant, faces&queacute; ardentes emittebant: complures ollas etiam carbo ne pice&queacute; refertas eminus machinis iaculabantur. Illi autem, ut &longs;ingula quæque poterant, detrude­bant. At ubi ea tela in materiam & ligna inciderant, flammam&queacute; multam utpote in naui excitauerant, primum quidem ad ea extinguenda aqua dulci, quam potus gratia comportabant, utebantur: nonnulla&queacute; ea ratione extinxerunt. Vbi uerò illa con&longs;umpta e&longs;t, hauriebant aquam marinam: & qua ea multa & abundanti u&longs;i &longs;unt, ignem aquæ ui cohibuerunt. Cum autem non po&longs;&longs;ent ubique id præ&longs;tare, ne­que enim multa, ne&que; ea ip&longs;a ingentia habebant in &longs;trumenta ad aquam hauriendam: ua&longs;á que adeò ip&longs;a propter trepidationem &longs;emiplena, hauriebant Quare non &longs;olum nihil proficiebant, &longs;ed ignes pre­terea irritabant. Aqua enim &longs;al&longs;a maris, &longs;i &longs;en&longs;im in flammam in fundatur, uehementer ip&longs;am exci­tat. Po&longs;tquam igitur & hac in re inferiores &longs;e ui­dent, ue&longs;tem multam qu&etail; cra&longs;&longs;ior habebatur, ip&longs;á que adeò &longs;uorum cadauera in ignem inijciebant: & eo modo per aliquod tempus ab his ignis prohi­bitus e&longs;t, ui&longs;us&queacute; remitti. Po&longs;tea uero ingruente &longs;æ ui&longs;&longs;imo uento, in maius re&longs;plenduit, tanquam ab ijs ip&longs;is excitatus: & interea dum pars aliqua nauis conflagrabat, nonnulli eorum propius ad ignem accedentes, in ip&longs;um in&longs;iliebant: armamenta&queacute; ip&longs;a & nauis in&longs;trumenta alij con&longs;cindebant: alij defe­rebant, ut conijcerent partim in mare, partim in ip&longs;os ho&longs;tes, &longs;i quo pacto illis nocere po&longs;&longs;ent. Non­nulli autem &longs;ecedentes ad eam nauis partem, quæ uacua ab incendio erat, manus ferreas ha&longs;taś que longas, &longs;i quando aliàs, expediebant: ut aduer&longs;ario­rum nauem aliquam arripere, ad &longs;e&queacute; alligare & copulare po&longs;&longs;ent, & in eam &longs;e&longs;e deijcere quod &longs;i id negaretur, illam &longs;altem &longs;imul incenderent. Vbiue ro uident nullos ad &longs;e appropinquare, id enim &longs;um ma ratione cauebant, ignem autem iam utraque latera deuora&longs;&longs;e, in fundumque nauis perua&longs;i&longs;&longs;e: hic exempla graui&longs;&longs;ima ab ip&longs;is edita &longs;unt. Aliqui enim eorum, præcipué que nautæ, ab ip&longs;o fumo, prius quàm flamma circumuenirentur, &longs;uffocabamtur: alij in ip&longs;a media flamma, ceu in fornace, comburebantur: alij autem prius quàm id paterentur, &longs;emiu&longs;tulati abiectis armis &longs;auciebantur ab emi­nus ferientibus: alij in mare &longs;e&longs;e præcipitantes &longs;ub mergebantur: alij ab ip&longs;is ho&longs;tibus oppre&longs;&longs;i demergebantur, uel etiam ab ip&longs;is belluis marinis dilania­bantur. Soli tolerabili ca&longs;u (ut in tali fato) occubuere, quibus datum e&longs;t ut antè quàm tale quidpiam paterentur, &longs;e&longs;e mutuis uulneribus confoderent, aut &longs;ibi ip&longs;i mortem animo præ&longs;enti, nullum alium per­pe&longs;&longs;i cruciatum, adferrent: quorum cadauera in ip&longs;is ardentibus nauibus, tanquam in rogo combu&longs;ta &longs;unt. Qu&etail; cum uiderent Cæ&longs;ariani antea quidem, quandiu aliqui eorum &longs;e defendere potuerunt, pro­pius accedere uerebantur: ubi uerò ignis iam ferè naues ip&longs;as con&longs;ump&longs;erat, ip&longs;i&queacute; Antoniani neque &longs;ibi præ&longs;idio e&longs;&longs;e, nedum quicquam mole&longs;tiæ ad­uer&longs;arijs inferre poterant: tunc magno &longs;tudio &longs;um má que alacritate ad eos adnauigabant, &longs;i quo pa­cto prædam &longs;eruare, ip&longs;umque ignem extingue­re, quem ip&longs;i intulerant, po&longs;&longs;ent. unde & multi eo rum ab ip&longs;a flamma circunuenti, ip&longs;iś que ardent bus tabulis & armamentis, cum &longs;uis nauibus pror&longs;us interiere. Hæc in gratiam eorum, qui non &longs;atis Gr&etail;ca intelligunt, uertimus ferè ad uerbum. Qua re non e&longs;t, cur doctiores de hac no&longs;tra &longs;ubita di-ctione uel conquerantur, uel iudicium faciant. Nam præter quam quod Dionis dictio nunquam mihi placuit, mihi ip&longs;e nunquam magis di&longs;plicui, quàm in hoc loco uertendo. Dionis &longs;cripta qu&etail; extant Venetijs, legi per ocium: qui mihi ui&longs;us e&longs;t multam hi­&longs;toriæ, nullam œconomi&etail; rationem habui&longs;&longs;e. Sed il­lud uiderint eruditiores. Lectori &longs;atis &longs;it, Vergilium non loqui u(pe/pbola\s, dum ait:-Credas innare reuul­&longs;as Cycladas, aut montes concurrere montibus altis. Hic enim no&longs;ter ait: ei(/kasen a)/n tis i)dw\n ta\ gigno/mena, tei/xesi/ tisi, h)\ kai\ nh/sois pollai=s, kai\ puknai=s qala/as h| polior­konme/nais. Hæc ideo adieci, ut lectori negligenti in­culcarem ea, qu&etail; non po&longs;&longs;unt à uigilante & &longs;tudio­&longs;o non animaduerti. Addebant & ro&longs;tra, non &longs;olum maioribus, &longs;ed & minoribus actuarijs. Aulus Hir­tius de bello Alexandrino: Nauibus actuarijs, qua­rum numerus erat &longs;atis magnus, magnitudine quan­quam non &longs;atis iu&longs;ta ad præliandum, ro&longs;tra impo&longs;uit. Has adiunctas nauibus longis, & numero cla&longs;&longs;is aucto, & cætera. Inde ro&longs;tratæ dictæ naues: quæ quia ex ære fiebant, ærat&etail; etiam dicebantur. C&etail;&longs;ar in &longs;ecundo de Bello ciuili: Interim L. Na&longs;idius ab C. Pompeio cum cla&longs;&longs;e nauium &longs;edecim, in quib. paucæ erant æratæ, L. Domitio Ma&longs;&longs;ilien&longs;ibus&queacute; &longs;ub&longs;idio mi&longs;&longs;us. Vergilius in nono, ubi de nauib. Troianorum uer&longs;is in deas & nymphas maris:

-hinc uirgineæ (mirabile mon&longs;trum)

Reddunt &longs;e totidem facies, ponto&queacute; feruntur:

Quot prius æratæ &longs;teterant ad littora puppes. Liuius quart&etail; decadis lib. &longs;exto, Ro&longs;tratas uocat, his uerbis: Vna & LXXX. ro&longs;tratis nauibus, mul­tis pr&etail;terea minoribus, qu&etail; aut apert&etail; ro&longs;trat&etail;, aut &longs;ine ro&longs;tris &longs;peculatoriæ erant, Delum traiecit. Qui­bus uerbis con&longs;tat, ro&longs;tratas fui&longs;&longs;e etiam, quæ tectæ non erant. Appianus in Mithridatico *xalkembo/lous uocat, *nh_es e)a/lwsan xalke/mboloi o)ktako/siai. Plutarch9 in Antonio: *e)pei\ ta/s w(molo(ghto, kai/sara me\n a)ntwni/w| dou=nai du/o ta/gmata pro/s to\n parqiko\n po/lemon, a(ntw/nion de\ kai/sari xal­kembo/lous e(kate. Diodorus libro XX. *xalkw/mata uo­care uidetur ro&longs;tra ex ære, his uerbis: *kai\ ta\ lhfqe/nta *xalkw/mata tw=n a)gaqokle/ous new=n a)pe/steilan au)tw=|. Et paulo po&longs;t &longs;ubdit: toi=s d´ a)pistou=sin a)po/deicen pare/xeqai th\n tw=n e)mbo/lwn komidh/n. e)mbo/lous enim ro&longs;tra fui&longs;&longs;e con&longs;tat, ex Plutarcho in pleri&longs;que locis: et ex Appiano, ubi de capite Marij Iunioris: *kai\ a)n th\n o( su/llas e)n a)gora=| pro/ tw=n e)mbo/lwn qe/menos, e)pigela/sai le/getai th=| neo/thti tou= u(pa/tou, kai\ ei)pei=n, e)re/thn dei= prw=ton gene/qei pri\npwhdali/ois e)pixeirei=n. Et ip&longs;um caput Sylla in foro pro ro&longs;tris poni iu&longs;­&longs;it: iuuentuti&queacute; con&longs;ulis illu&longs;i&longs;&longs;e fertur, dixi&longs;&longs;é que, prius remigem e&longs;&longs;e oportere, quàm ad tractanda gubernacula accedere. Quin & Plutarchus in An tonio xalkw/mata pro ro&longs;tris ex ære po&longs;uit, dum ait: *tw=n de\ kai/saros ou) mo/non a)ntipprw/rwn sumfe/reqai, pro\s xalkw/mata sterea\ kai\ traxe/a fulawome/nwn. id e&longs;t: Nauibus autem Cæ&longs;aris cauentibus, ne obuer&longs;&etail; cum ro&longs;tris firmis & æratis Antonij concurrerent. Plutarchus in Pompeio: *e)nnenh/konta de\ xalkembo/lous pare/labe. Idem in Sylla: *kai\ dou=nai nau=s e(bdomh/konta xalkh/reis. Tullius in &longs;ecundo de Inuentione, ro&longs;tratam uocat: Lex e&longs;t apud Rhodios, ut &longs;i qua ro&longs;trata in portu nauis deprehen&longs;a &longs;it, publicetur. A ro&longs;tris autem Antiatium, templum Romæ Ro&longs;tra appellatum. Liuius libro octauo primæ decados: Naues Antiatium, partim in naualia Romæ &longs;ubductæ, partim in cen&longs;æ, è ro&longs;tris&queacute; earum &longs;ugge&longs;tum in foro extructum, adornari placuit: Ro&longs;trá que id templum appellatum. Quin & Tullius ro&longs;tra u&longs;urpa&longs;&longs;e uidetur pro concione, qu&etail; pro ro&longs;tris ad populum haberetur, in primo de Oratore: Age uerò ne &longs;emper forum, &longs;ub&longs;ellia, ro&longs;tra, curiam­que mediteris. Subdit enim: Alterum quòd remoto foro, concione, iudicijs, &longs;enatu, &longs;tatui&longs;ti oratorem in omni genere &longs;ermonis. Neque longe po&longs;t &longs;ubdit: Nam &longs;i quis &longs;tatuet hunc e&longs;&longs;e oratorem, qui tan­tum modo in iure, aut in iudicijs po&longs;&longs;it, aut apud populum, aut in &longs;enatu copio&longs;e loqui. Quo loco In iu­re dixit, id e&longs;t, in foro: In iudicijs, pro ad &longs;ub&longs;ellia: Apud populum, pro concione & ro&longs;tris: In &longs;enatu, pro curia. ut attentus lector facile &longs;ua &longs;ponte per­cipiat.

Prætoriam uerò nauem Græci nauarxi/da uo­cant, no&longs;tri uulgò Capitaneam. Diodorus libro XX. *kai\ prw=tos w(/rmhse e)pi\ th\n nauarxi/da. Idem autor aliquando stpathgi/da uocat, eodem libro: e)/peita pa­rxggei/lw toi=s kubopnh/tais a)kolouqei=n th=| strathgi/di nhi\ prose/­xontas tw=| lampth=ei, prose/plousen e)pi\ to\ sto/ma tou= nei/lou. Exant & prædatoriæ, quæ merito inter longas &longs;cribendæ fuerint. Liuius decadis tertiæ libro nono: Nam po&longs;t M. Attilium Regulum, & L. Manlium Con&longs;ules annis própè quinquaginta nullum Ro manum exercitum uiderant, præter prædatorias cla&longs;&longs;es: quibus de&longs;cen&longs;iones in agros maritimos fa­ctæ erant. Quæ & piraticæ naues dicuntur ab eo­dem, decadis quart&etail; libro quarto: Sed &longs;i dijs placet, affinitatem etiam per Philoclem præfectum eius pepigi&longs;ti, & bellum aduer&longs;um nos gerens, mare circa Maleam infe&longs;tum nauib9 piraticis feci&longs;ti. Idem Liuius quartæ decadis libro &longs;eptimo, piraticas ce­loces uocat, dum ait: Apparuit inde piraticas celo­ces & lembos e&longs;&longs;e. Idem decadis tertiæ libro pri­mo: Naues CCXX. quinqueremes, celoces XX. de­ductæ. Et paulo po&longs;t: Naues longæ CLX. celoces XII. Quibus uerbis uidetur ponere celoces inter eas quæ non erant longæ. Græci naues prædato­rias & piraticas, peiratika\s uocant. Plutarchus in Pompeio: peiratikai\ de\ vh=es o)tako/siai. & lhstrika\ ploi=auocat, cuiu&longs;modi erat muwpa/rw. Appianus in Mi­thridate, ubi de Piratis: *kai\ ei)s a)pori/an e)kpeso/ntes a)qro/an a)nti\ th=s gh=s e)karpou=nto th\n qa\laan, muwpa/rwsi prw=ton, kai\ h(mioli/ais, ei)=ta dikro/tois kai\ ih/resi kata\ me/rh pe\riple/ontes. id e&longs;t: Summá que pre&longs;&longs;i inopia &longs;ibi è mari quæ­&longs;tum faciebant, myoparonibus primum & hemiolijs, deinde biremibus triremibuś que circumna­uigantes. Quibus uerbis conijcio, h(mioli/as fui&longs;&longs;e infra magnitudinem biremium, ut trihrhmio/liai &longs;int quas &longs;uprà diximus: h(mioliai uerò, quæ à puppi ad malum binis remis, à malo ad proram uni-co tantum per tran&longs;tra remo agerentur. Vides me &longs;udare Lector optime, quo tibi aliquid ueri&longs;imi­le in re tam ob&longs;cura afferre po&longs;&longs;im. Itaque dubi­tans, circun&longs;pectans & hæ&longs;itans, multa aduer&longs;a reuerens, tanquam in mari immen&longs;o no&longs;tra uehi­tur oratio. Thucydides in quarto, *teiako/ntoron & ke/­lhta ponit inter prædatoria, dum ait: *a)lla\ kai\ tauta e)k lhstrikh=s mehni/wn triakonto/rou kai\ e(/labon. Et hæc ex prædatorio Me&longs;&longs;eniorum actuario & celoce &longs;ump&longs;erunt. Plutarchus in Sylla, lhst/rion nomadiko\npo&longs;uit, pro prædonibus Numidicis. Tullius pira­ticum myoparonem dixit, actione quinta in Ver­rem: An quòd ager Syracu&longs;anus prædonum incen­dijs te Prætore ua&longs;tatus e&longs;t an quòd forum Syra­cu&longs;anum nauàrchorum &longs;anguineredundauit an quòd in portu Syracu&longs;ano piraticus myoparo na uigauit Idem actione &longs;eptima in eundem: Nauem quandam piratarum præda refertam non cepe­runt, &longs;ed adduxerunt onere &longs;uo planè captam, at­que depre&longs;&longs;am. Erat ea nauis plena iuuentutis formo&longs;i&longs;&longs;imæ, argenti facti atque &longs;ignati, multa cum &longs;tragula ue&longs;te. Ac paulo po&longs;t: Interea Syracu&longs;ani, homines periti & humani, qui non modò qu&etail; per&longs;picua e&longs;&longs;ent uidere, uerum etiam occulta &longs;u&longs;picari po&longs;&longs;ent, habebant rationem omnes quotidie piratarum qui &longs;ecuri ferirentur: quàm multos e&longs;&longs;e o­porteret, ex ip&longs;o nauigio quod erat factum &longs;ex re­morum numero, conijciebant. Et non multo po&longs;t de eodem nauigio: Hæc igitur e&longs;t ge&longs;ta res, hæc ui-ctoria præclara myoparone piratico capto: dux liberatus: &longs;ymphoniaci Romam mi&longs;&longs;i, formo &longs;i ho­mines, & adole&longs;centes, & artifices domum abducti. Quibus &longs;ane uerbis, ni&longs;i fallor, planum fit, illum myoparonem habui&longs;&longs;e &longs;ex remorum ordines. qua­re non ab re, inter longas naues ad&longs;cribi debeat. Idem Tullius &longs;eptima in Verrem, paruorum myo­paronum meminit his uerbis: Hic te prætore He­racleo archipirata cum quatuor myoparonibus paruis ad arbitrium &longs;uum nauigauit. Prò dij im­mortales piraticus myoparo, cum imperium P.R. naues ac fa&longs;ces e&longs;&longs;ent Syracu&longs;is, u&longs;que ad forum et ad omnes urbis crepidines acce&longs;&longs;it. Erant enim & parui myoparones, quorum mini&longs;terio præfecti triremium & maiorum uterentur, ut colligo ex Au­lo Hirtio de bello Alexandrino: Ip&longs;e Octauius &longs;e in &longs;capham confert, in quam plures quum fuge­rant, depre&longs;&longs;a &longs;capha, uulneratus tamen adnatat ad &longs;uum myoparonem: quò receptus, cum prælium nox diremi&longs;&longs;et, tempe&longs;tate magna uelis profugit. Plutarch9 in Lucullo: *e)ce/plouwse de\ trisi\n e(llhnikai=s muwpa/rwsi, kai\ dikro/tois i)/sais r(odiiakai=s, pro\s me/gape/lagos: mari profugit cum tribus myoparonibus Græcis, to­tidem&queacute; biremibus Rhodijs in altum. Myoparo au­tem ille egregius de cla&longs;&longs;e Mile&longs;iorum, quem pr&etail;­&longs;idij cau&longs;a &longs;ecum Verres abduxit Myndum, ibique uendidit, non erat inter paruos, quorum &longs;uprà ab eodem mentio facta e&longs;t. Erat enim militibus remi gibuś que ornatus atque armatus. &longs;ed &longs;atius fuerit Tullij uerba &longs;ubijcere. ea &longs;unt actione tertia in Ver rem: Mile&longs;ios nauem popo&longs;cit, quæ eum præ&longs;idij cau&longs;a Myndum pro&longs;equeretur. Illi &longs;tatim Myopa ronem egregium, de &longs;ua cla&longs;&longs;e ornatum atque ar­matum, dederunt. hoc præ&longs;idio Myndum profe­ctus e&longs;t. mox &longs;ubdit: Illud quoque quod neque ta­ceri ullo modo pote&longs;t, neque dici pro dignitate, cogno&longs;cite, milites remigeś que Miletum Myndo pedibus reuerti iubet: ip&longs;e myoparonem pulcherri­mum de decem Mile&longs;iorum nauibus electum, L. Magio & L. Rabio qui Myndi habitabant, uendi­dit. Plutarchus in Antonio myoparonas uocare uidetur, quos pha&longs;elos dixit Appianus, ubi eiu&longs;dem rei cum Plutarcho meminit. Verba Plutarchi &longs;ic habent: *o)ktagi/a tw=n w(mologhme\nwn xwri\s h)|th/sato tw=| me\n a)­delfw=| para\ tou= a)ndro\s ei)/kosi muwpa/rwn, tw=| d´ a)ndri\ para\ tou= a)delfou= stratiw/tes xili/ous. id e&longs;t: Octauia, præter ea quæ pacta fuerant, à marito impetrauit ut fratri ui­ginti myoparonas concederet, à fratre autem ut marito mille pedites Romanos. Appianus autem &longs;ic ait: *e)dwrh/sato de\ kai\ o)ktagi/a to\n a)delfo\n, ai)th/sasa par´ *a)ntwni/ou de/ka fash/lois trihrhtikoi=s e)pime/ktois, e)/k te forti/dwn new=n kai\ makrw=n, kai\ th\n o)ktagi/an o( kai=sar xili/ois loga/si swmato­fu/lacim, ou(\s e)pile/caito *a)ntw/nios: Munerata e&longs;t & Octauia fratrem decem pha&longs;elis mixtis, ex forma onerariarum longarun&queacute; nauium. Octauiam quo&que; Cæ&longs;ar mille de­lectis ab Antonio militibus, quib. &longs;piculatoribus corporis&queacute; cu&longs;todibus uteretur ip&longs;e. Quibus &longs;ane Appiani uerbis, ni&longs;i alium autorem quàm Plutar-chus &longs;equut9 e&longs;t, conijciat Lector, myoparones fui&longs;­&longs;e pha&longs;elos: quorum forma mixta erat ex naue o­neraria, & longa triremi: ut hac no&longs;tra memoria fa ciendos locauit Franci&longs;cus Rex Regum ad ocea­num Britanni&etail; minoris, quos galeones uocant. Pha&longs;elum autem ea ratione, qua de&longs;criptus e&longs;t ab Ap­piano & Plutarcho myoparo dictus, lepido uer&longs;u con&longs;ecrauit Ca&longs;tori & Polluci Catullus: quibus &longs;ane uer&longs;iculis aperte docet, eum fui&longs;&longs;e maxime ap­po&longs;itum, &longs;eu quis remis uti uelit, &longs;eu uelis dum ait: Siue palmulis Opus foret uolare, &longs;iue linteo. Vergilius in quarto: Et circum pictis uehitur &longs;ua rura pha&longs;elis. Sed minime a)prosdio/nuson fuerit, carmen ip&longs;um &longs;ubtexere Catulli: Pha&longs;elus ille, quem uidetis ho&longs;pites, Ait fui&longs;&longs;e nauium celerrimus, Neque ullius natantis trabis impetum Nequi&longs;&longs;e præterire, &longs;iue palmulis

Opus foret uolare, &longs;iue linteo. Strabo xv. d´ou)k e)/latton e)kdoh/konta e)nauthgh/sato di/krota, kai\ trih/reis, kai\ fash/lous. Ip&longs;e autem ædificanda curauit, non minus octuaginta biremes, triremes, & pha&longs;elos. Multa candide Lector quæ&longs;iui, ut ueram, uel &longs;altem ueri&longs;imilem myoparonis etymologiam inue&longs;tigare po&longs;&longs;em, &longs;ed nihil admodum mihi arri&longs;it: ni&longs;i &longs;i fidem habe re non grauabere enarratori Ari&longs;tophanis in ei)rh/­vh|, dum ait in enarrando uocabulo *naciourgh\s ka/vqa­ros. ploi=a h)=n ou(/tw lego/mena, e)n na/cw| gino\mena th=| nh/sw|. kai\ kni­dourgei=s a)\llous nau=s, a)\p´ kni/dou, kai\ ke/rkouron a)\p´korku/ras, kai\th\n pa/rona a)\p pa/ron. id e&longs;t: Naxiurges erant nauigia &longs;ic dicta, quæ fierent in Naxo in&longs;ula, & etiam cni­durges à Cnido, & cercurum à Corcyra, paronem quoque à Paro. Quod &longs;i uerum e&longs;t, au&longs;im & ego conijcere, myoparonem e&longs;&longs;e nauigij genus com­po&longs;itum ab utraque forma earum nauium, qu&etail; fieri &longs;olebant in Myunte & Paro in&longs;ula, ut ex utriu&longs;­que forma compo&longs;itum effictumque uocabulum uideatur. Sed ex alia parte mouet Plinius, qui &longs;cri­ptum reliquit, cercurum in Cypro inuentum: ut non magna fides habenda &longs;it Ari&longs;tophanis enarratori. quare fit ut Delio opus &longs;it. Quando uerò ad belli u&longs;um &longs;unt etiam nece&longs;&longs;ariæ eæ naues, quas Hippagines dicunt, Hippagogas uocat Liuius, à tran&longs;portandis equis: non erit ingratum (opinor) Lectori, &longs;i pauca de illis dixero ex probati&longs;&longs;imis autoribus. Liuius igitur quintæ decadis libro quarto, quod­nam id &longs;it nauigij genus apertius declarat, quàm ut no&longs;træ interpretationis egeat, dum ait: Fortè po&longs;te ro die quàm Sybota cla&longs;&longs;is tenuit quinque & tri­ginta naues, quas Hippagogas uocant, ab Elea profectæ cum equitibus Gallis, equis&queacute; Phanas pro­montorium Chiorum petebant. Demo&longs;thenes in prima contra Philippum: *pro\s de\ tou/tois toi=s h(mi/sesi tw=n i(ppe/wn i(ppagwgou\s, trih\reis, kai\ ploi=a i(kana\ eu)trepi/sai keleh/w: In&longs;uper & equitum parti cen&longs;eo comparare hippagines, triremes, aliáque idonea ad tran&longs;portandos eos nauigia. Quas tamen Polybius i(pphgou\s uocat, in primo: *e)pi/ de\ tou/tois e)pe/sthsan ta\s i(pphgou\s, r(u/mata do/ntes e)c au)tw=n tai=s tou= tri/tou so/lou nausi/: Po&longs;t hæc di&longs;po&longs;uerunt hippagines, dantes ex ijs lora, & funes tractorios nauibus, quæ in tertia cla&longs;&longs;e erant. Et paulo po&longs;t: *iw=n me\n r(umoulkou/ntwn ta\s i(pphgou\s nau=s. Diodorus libro uige&longs;imo: *e)pakolouqei=n de\ ta\s stratka\s, kai\ ta\s i(pphgou\s r(umoulkoume/nous u(po/ tw=n ei)resi/ais xpwme/nwn, e)pi\ pa=si de\ ta\ tw=n pratw=n po/eia, kai\ ta\ e)mpo/rwn kai\ a)gorai/wn: Sub&longs;equi autem militares & hippagines remulco tractas ab ijs qu&etail; remigio uterentur: po&longs;tremo etiam & prædonum pontones & annotinas, mercatorumque. Qui­bus & Polybij uerbis, & Diodori, apud Demo&longs;thenem in loco &longs;uprà citato, diasolh\n collocandam inter i(ppagwgou\s & trih/reis exi&longs;timo: ut legendum &longs;it, i(ppagwgou\s, trih/reis, kai\ ploi=a i(kana\. non ut i(ppagwgoi\ e&longs;­&longs;ent trih/reis, ut quidam non indoctus exi&longs;timabat, & auditoribus &longs;uis enarrabat: quem hoc loco no­mine appellare &longs;uper&longs;edendum duxi. i( ppagwgoi\ enim, & hippegi remulco trahebantur, ut uides ex utro­que autore. Remulco autem trahere Latinum e&longs;t, & à Liuio & Cæ&longs;are u&longs;urpatum. Liuius quart&etail; de cadis, libro &longs;eptimo: Contemplatus Eudemus ho &longs;tes claudas mutilaś que naues apertis nauibus re mulco trahentes xx. paulo amplius integras, ab­&longs;cedentes è turri prætoriæ nauis, &longs;ilentio facto, ex­urgite inquit. Cæ&longs;ar in &longs;ecundo de Bello ciuili: Hunc &longs;equutus M. Ruffus Quæ&longs;tor nauibus XII. quas præ&longs;idio onerarijs nauibus Curio ex Sicilia eduxerat, po&longs;tquam relictam in littore nauem con­&longs;pexit, hanc remulco ab&longs;traxit. Ip&longs;e ad Curionem cum cla&longs;&longs;e redijt. Idem in tertio: Ad Oricum uenit, &longs;ummer&longs;am&queacute; nauim remulco multis&queacute; contendens funibus abduxit. *po/ria autem dicuntur à Diodoro, naues quibus utebantur ad tran&longs;portandos mili­tes; & ea re stratiwtika\ po/ria dicuntur ab eodem, libro uige&longs;imo, his uerbis: *ei)=xe de\ ta\s pa/sas nau=s makra\s r/ kai\ m/ .tou/twn d´ h)=n h( megi/sth, penth/rhs. h( de\ e)laxi/sth, tetrh/rhs. stratiw tika\ de\ po/ria tau/tais e)phkolou/qei plei/w tw=m s´, a)/gonta pezou\s ou)k e)la/ttouss tw=n muri/wn: Habuit autem naues longas nume­ro centum quadraginta: quarum maior erat quinqueremis, minor autem quadriremis. militares pr&etail;­terea pontones &longs;ub&longs;equebantur plus quàm ducen ti: qui peditum ferebant circiter decem millia. Idem in eodem: tw=n me\n pori/wn h(/lw plei/w tw=n p´, e)n oi(=s h)=san sxidon stratiw_t o)ktakisxi/lioi. id e&longs;t: Pontones cepit plus quàm centenos, in quibus erant peditum circiter octo mil­lia. Idem in eodem: *e)f' h(me/ras tina\s tai=s taxunautou)sais nausi\n e)rumou/lkoiwn stratiwtika\ po/ria. id e&longs;t: Per aliquot dies celeribus nauibus remulco trahebant milita­res pontones. Idem in eodem: *ou)k e)/xwn d´ i(kana\ po/­ria pro\s th\n tw=n stpatiwtw=n dia/basin, trixh=| dieme/rise th\n du/­namin. id e&longs;t: Cum non &longs;atis haberet pontonum ad tran&longs;portandos milites, trifariam diui&longs;it exerci­tum. Plato in tertio de Legibus, po/reia po&longs;uit etiam pro curru: *po/reia de\, w(/s te e)p) aggh/lous to/te pore/ueqai kata\ gh\n, h)/ kata\ qa/lassan, su\n tai=s te/xnais, w(s e)/pos ei)pei=n, pa/nta sxedo\n a)polw/lei. Vehicula ita ut tunc inter &longs;e com-meare po&longs;&longs;ent, &longs;iue terra, &longs;iue mari, omnia (ut ita dicam) cum artibus ip&longs;is perierant. Eiu&longs;modi po-ria Cæ&longs;ar pontones appellare uidetur, in tertio de bello ciuili: Plera&longs;que naues in Italiam emittit ad reliquos milites, equiteś que tran&longs;portandos: pontones, quod e&longs;t genus nauium Gallicarum, Ly&longs;&longs;i reliquit: hoc con&longs;ilio, ut &longs;i forte Pompeius ua­cuam exi&longs;timans Italiam eò traieci&longs;&longs;et exercitum, quæ opinio erat edita in uulgus, aliquam Cæ&longs;ar ad in&longs;equendum facultatem haberet. Nec ueri&longs;i­mile e&longs;t eos pontones, quorum meminit Cæ&longs;ar, fui&longs;&longs;e id genus nauigij ratiarij, quo pa&longs;&longs;im utimur ad traij cienda flumina, quas uulgo charieras di­cunt. Etiam&longs;i Paulus Iuri&longs;con&longs;ultus in tractatu Ser­uitutum ru&longs;ticarum, pro eo genere accepi&longs;&longs;e uidea­tur, his uerbis: Flumine interueniente uia con&longs;ti­tui pote&longs;t, &longs;i aut uado tran&longs;iri pote&longs;t, aut pontem habet: diuer&longs;um, &longs;i pontonibus traijciatur. Quo lo­co pontones uidetur pro porqmei/ois dixi&longs;&longs;e, aliter at que Cæ&longs;ar, qui u&longs;us uidetur ueluti Gallico quodam uocabulo, uel Ma&longs;&longs;ilien&longs;i potius. Quod porqmei=on in­nuere uidetur Tullius de Aru&longs;picum re&longs;pon&longs;is, dum ait: Quæ nauis unquam in flumine tam uul­gata omnibus, quàm i&longs;tius ætas fuit? Diodorus tamen Siculus porqmei=on cum pori/w| confundere ui­detur, ni&longs;i &longs;it librariorum mendum: *o( de\ luqei\s, kai\ met´ o)li/gwn e)mba\s, e)s to\ porqmei=on, e)/laqen e)kple/usas kata\ th\n du/sin th=s pleia/dos. id e&longs;t: Ip&longs;e autem &longs;olutus, & cum paucis con&longs;cen&longs;a naue, clàm profugit &longs;ub occa&longs;um uergiliarum. Strabo decimo &longs;eptimo: *w(/ste kai\ o\stra/kina e)/­i/ois ei)=nai porqmei/a: Vt & nonnullis te&longs;tacea &longs;int nauigia ad tran&longs;fretandum, porqmo\s enim, fretum. ut porq­mei=a, &longs;int nauigia ad tran&longs;&longs;retandum apta: porqmo\s, qa/lassa e(kate/roqen h)/peiron e)/xousa. Rhodij præ&longs;idiarias naues fulaki/das uocabant, autore Diodoro, libro uige&longs;imo: *dhmo/filos me\n e)/xwn nau=s ta\s kalonme/nas para\ p(odii/ois fulaki/das. Idem in eodem: *ai( de\ fulaki/des tw=n karxhdoni/wn ai)qe/menai, kata\ spondw=n e)pedi/wkon. id e&longs;t: Pr&etail;­&longs;idiariæ Carthaginen&longs;ium ubi id re&longs;ciuerunt, confe&longs;tim per&longs;ecutæ &longs;unt.

Sed prius quàm à longis nauibus ad onerarias profici&longs;car, non tacebo quid de celeritate quinque remis ad triremem dubitare uideam uiros docti&longs;&longs;imos, qui quinqueremem tardiorem fui&longs;&longs;e triremi opinati &longs;unt, ex Liuij uerbis, tertiæ decadis libro octauo. ea &longs;unt hæc: Adherbal coniuratis in quin­queremem impo&longs;itis, præmi&longs;&longs;á que ea, quia tar­dior quàm triremis erat, ip&longs;e cum octo triremibus modico interuallo &longs;equitur. tardior enim erat propter pondus. Subdit enim: Quinqueremis Ro mana &longs;eu pondere tenacior, &longs;eu pluribus remo­rum ordinibus &longs;cindentibus uortices, cum facilius regeretur, duas triremes &longs;uppre&longs;&longs;it. Sed Iulius Cæ&longs;ar in &longs;ecundo de bello Ciuili, omnem dubitationem tollere uidetur, his uerbis: Con&longs;picatæ que naues triremes duæ nauem Decij Bruti (quæ erat hexe­res, ex Lucano &longs;uprà citato) quæ ex &longs;igno facilè cogno&longs;ci poterat, duabus ex partibus &longs;e&longs;e in eam in­citauerant. Sed tantum re proui&longs;a, Brutus celeritate nauis eni&longs;us e&longs;t, ut paruo momento antecederet. Vides illam hexerem celeritate anteuerti&longs;&longs;e illas triremes: quod & &longs;imiliter de quinqueremi facilè credere e&longs;t. Sed non omittemus Pi&longs;trim, cuius men­tionem factam uidemus à Polybio. Liuius etiam meminit quintae decadis quarto uolumine, his uerbis: Per&longs;ius po&longs;t reditum ab Eumeno, Erepontis &longs;pe deiectus, Antenorem & Callippum præfectos cla&longs;&longs;is cum XL. lembis (adiectæ ad hunc numerum quinque pi&longs;tres erant) Tenedum mittit. Pi&longs;tris au­tem terno remorum ordine agebatur. Vergilius in quinto, pi&longs;trim pro cognomento indito trire­mi po&longs;ui&longs;&longs;e uidetur:

Velocem Mne&longs;theus agit acri remige pi&longs;trim. Subdit enim:

Mox Italus Mne&longs;theus, genus à quo nomine Memmi:

Ingentem&queacute; Gyas ingenti mole Chymæram,

Vrbis opus: triplici pubes quam Dardana uer&longs;u

Impellunt, terno con&longs;urgunt ordine remi.

Neque enim fui&longs;&longs;et æqua & par contentio, &longs;i pi­&longs;tris illa pauciorib°ree; aut pluribus remis acta fui&longs;&longs;et quàm Chymçra, cui Gyas praeerat. Polybius pri/sinuocat, r( litera tran&longs;po&longs;ita, libro i/h: *e)pelqo/ntos de\ tou te­tagme/non kairou=, parh=n o( me\n fi/lippos e)k dhmhtria/dos a)na­xqei\s ei)s to\n malie/a ko/lpon, pe/nte le/mbous e)/xwn kai\ mi/an pri/sin, e)f´ h(=s au)to\s e)pe/plei. id e&longs;t: Cedente die præ&longs;tituta, ade­rat Philippus profectus à Demetriade in &longs;inum Maleam, habens quinque lembos & unicam pri­&longs;tim qua uehebatur. Solebant autem cognomenta indere nauibus, & etiam ad proram adfingere. Lucianus in dialogo quod ploi=on in&longs;cribitur: *katantikru\ de\ a)na\logon h( prw/ra u(perbe/bhke e)s to\ pro/sw a)pomhkuno­me/nh th\n e(pw/numon th=s new\s, qeo\n e)/xousa th\n i)/sin e(kate/roqen. id e&longs;t: E regione autem proportione prora extructa erat, in longum producta, habens utrinque I&longs;in deam, quæ cognomentum naui dederat. de qua­rum parash/mw| infrà dicemus copio&longs;ius. Aliæ etiam dictæ Seuleucides triremes, à Seleuco. Plutar­chus in Pompeio: w(s d´ ou)=n e)ni/ka fe/ugein ei)s th\n ai)/gu­pton, a)naxqei/s a)po\ ku/pron seleuki/de trih/rei meta\ th=s gunai­ko\s, tw=n de\ a)/llwn oi( me\n e)n makrai=s o(moi/ws nausi\, oi( de\ e)n o(lka/­si a(/ma sumpare/pleon: Vt igitur decretum e&longs;t, fugien­dum in Aegyptum e&longs;&longs;e, profectus à Cypro, uectus&queacute; Seleucide triremi cum uxore e&longs;t: aliorum uerò non­nulli &longs;ecuti &longs;unt, delati &longs;imiliter longis nauibus, alij autem in onerarijs. Appianus de eadem Pom­peij fuga loquens, his uerbis utitur: *o(/qen th\n kornh­li/an gunai=ka a)nalabw\n, kai\ trih/rwn tetta/rwn e)piba\s, ai(\ au)tw=| para/ te r(odi/wn kai\ turi/wn a)fi/konto: Vnde &longs;umpta &longs;ecum Cornelia uxore, nactus quatuor triremes, qui ad officium illi ab Rhodijs & Tyrijs præ&longs;to fuerant, profugit. *nikomhdi\s à loco cognomentum &longs;ump&longs;it, autore Aniano apud Suidam: *e)=uros de\ kai\ ba/qos kaq´ o(/lka/da, o(/son megi/sth nikomhdi\s, h)\ ai)gupti/a, quibus uerbis conijcio, nikomhdi/dia fui&longs;&longs;e inter onerarias: de quibus uidetur ueni&longs;&longs;e dicendi tempus. Sic & e(rmoni\s apud Thucydidem, à loco iuxta Lacedæmona.